Term
| Advanced Encryption Standard (AES) |
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Definition
| A symmetric cipher that was approved by the NIST in late 2000 as a replacement for DES. |
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Term
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Definition
| Procedures based on a mathematical formula; used to encrypt data. |
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Term
| Asymmetric cryptographic algorithm |
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Definition
| Encryption that uses two mathematically related keys. |
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Term
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Definition
| A cipher that manipulates an entire block of plaintext at one time. |
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Term
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Definition
| A block cipher that operates on 64-bit blocks and can have a key length from 32 to 448 bits. |
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Term
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Definition
| Data that has been encrypted. |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| The science of transforming information into a secure form while it is being transmitted or stored so that unauthorized persons cannot access it. |
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Term
| Data Encryption Standard (DES) |
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Definition
| A symmetric block cipher that uses a 56-bit key and encrypts data in 64-bit blocks. |
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Term
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Definition
| The process of changing ciphertext into plaintext. |
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Term
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Definition
| An electronic verification of the sender. |
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Term
| Elliptic curve cryptography (ECC) |
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Definition
| An algorithm that uses elliptic curves instead of prime numbers to compute keys. |
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Term
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Definition
| The process of changing plaintext into ciphertext. |
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Term
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Definition
| Free and open-source software that is commonly used to encrypt and decrypt e-mail messages. |
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Term
| Hardware Security Module (HSM) |
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Definition
| A secure cryptographic processor. |
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Term
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Definition
| The unique digital fingerprint created by a hashing algorithm. |
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Term
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Definition
| Message Authentication Code (HMAC) A variation of a hash that encrypts the hash with a shared secret key before transmitting it. |
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Term
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Definition
| The process for creating a unique digital fingerprint signature for a set of data. |
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Term
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Definition
| A mathematical value entered into the algorithm to produce ciphertext. |
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Term
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Definition
| A common hash algorithm of several different versions. |
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Term
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Definition
| A revision of MD4 that is designed to address its weaknesses. |
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Term
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Definition
| The process of proving that a user performed an action. |
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Term
| NTLM (New Technology LAN Manager) hash |
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Definition
| A password hash for Microsoft Windows systems that is no longer recommended for use. |
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Term
| NTLMv2 (New Technology LAN Manager Version 2) hash |
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Definition
| An updated version of NTLM that uses HMAC with MD5. |
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Term
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Definition
| Using a unique truly random key to create ciphertext. |
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Term
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Definition
| Data input into an encryption algorithm. |
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Term
| Pretty Good Privacy (PGP) |
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Definition
| A commercial product that is commonly used to encrypt e-mail messages. |
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Term
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Definition
| An asymmetric encryption key that does have to be protected. |
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Term
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Definition
| Cryptographic algorithms that use a single key to encrypt and decrypt a message. |
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Term
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Definition
| An asymmetric encryption key that does not have to be protected. |
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Term
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Definition
| Encryption that uses two mathematically related keys. |
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Term
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Definition
| An asymmetric cryptography that attempts to use the unusual and unique behavior of microscopic objects to enable users to securely develop and share keys. |
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Term
| RACE Integrity Primitives Evaluation Message Digest (RIPEMD) |
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Definition
| A hash algorithm that uses two different and independent parallel chains of computation and then combines the result at the end of the process. |
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Term
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Definition
| An RC stream cipher that will accept keys up to 128 bits in length. |
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Term
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Definition
| A family of cipher algorithms designed by Ron Rivest. |
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Term
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Definition
| An asymmetric algorithm published in 1977 and patented by MIT in 1983. |
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Term
| Secure Hash Algorithm (SHA) |
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Definition
| A secure hash algorithm that creates hash values of longer lengths than Message Digest (MD) algorithms. |
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Term
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Definition
| Hiding the existence of data within a text, audio, image, or video file. |
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Term
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Definition
| An algorithm that takes one character and replaces it with one character. |
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Term
| Symmetric cryptographic algorithm |
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Definition
| Encryption that uses a single key to encrypt and decrypt a message. |
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Term
| Triple Data Encryption Standard (3DES) |
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Definition
| A symmetric cipher that was designed to replace DES. |
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Term
| Trusted Platform Module (TPM) |
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Definition
| A chip on the motherboard of the computer that provides cryptographic services. |
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Term
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Definition
| A later derivation of the Blowfish algorithm that is considered to be strong. |
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Term
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Definition
| Cryptography that can be applied to entire disks. |
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