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| __________ do not evole, __________do |
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| rock formed by the accumulation of sediment grains on the bottom of a body of water |
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| the scientific study of the structure and movements of Earth's lithospheric plates, which are the cause of continental drift |
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| the gradual movements of the world's continents that have occurred over billions of years |
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| any gradual change; most often refers to organic or Darwinian evolution, which is the genetic and resulting phenotypic change in populations of organisms from generation to generation |
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| the selection by plant and animal breeders of individuals with certain desirable traits |
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| the differential contribution of offspring to the next generation by various genetic types belonging to the same population; the mechanism of evolution proposed by Charles Darwin |
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a particular structure, physiological process, or behavior that makes an organism better able to survive and reproduce
*the evolutionary process that leads to the developments or persistence of such a trait |
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| change in genetic material not caused by recombination |
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| exchange of genes btwn populations through migration of individuals or movements of gametes |
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| selection of mates on the basis of a particular trait or group of traits |
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| changes in frequencies from generation to generation as a result of random (chance) processes |
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| random changes in allele frequencies resulting from establishment of a population by a very small number of individuals |
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| period during which only a few individuals of a normally large population survive |
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| the contribution of a genotype or phenotype to the genetic composition of subsequent generations, relative to the contribution of other genotypes or phenotypes |
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| selection in which phenotypes at both extremes of the population distribution are favored |
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| selection in which phenotypes at one extreme of the population distibution are favored |
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| selection against the extreme phenotypes in a population, so that the intermediate types are favored |
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| the process of splitting one population into two populations that are reproductively isolated from one another |
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condition in which two divergent populations are no longer exchanging genes
*can lead to speciation |
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| biological species concept |
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| the definition of a species as a group of actually or potentially interbreeding natural population that are reproductively isolated from other such groups |
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| transitional (intermediate) fossils |
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| speciation due to reproductive isolation without any physical separation of the subpopulation |
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the formation of two species from one when reproductive isolation occurs because of the interposistion of (or crossing of) a physical geographic barrier such as a river
*aka geographic speciation |
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| prezygotic isolatiing mechanisms |
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| barriers to the reproductive process that occur before the union of the nuclei of two gametes |
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| postzygotic isolation mechanisms |
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| barriers to the reproductive process that occur after the union of the nuclei of two gametes |
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| the evolution of enhanced reproductive isolation btwn populations due to natural selection for greater isolation |
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| a region of overlap in the ranges of two closely related species where the species may hybridize |
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