Term
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Definition
| nebula, which is a large cloud of gas and dust |
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Term
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Definition
| material in the nebula begins to collapse because of gravity, the increased concentration leads to increased pressure, the increased temp. causes light to be given off |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| what temp. does nuclear fusion start at? |
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Definition
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Term
| what part of the HR diagram is a young star in |
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Definition
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Term
| What does the lifespan of a star depend on? |
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Definition
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Term
| what is the size of a star based on? |
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Definition
| energy output vs. gravity(mass) |
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Term
| how long is the lifepan of a star if the mass is less than the sun, equal to, and greater than |
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Definition
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Term
| FITB- the greater the mass the _______ it lives |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| Hydrogen fuel is consumed and helium begins fusion, the energy output gets greater than the gravity and the star expands, the helium gets consumed and the energy output becomes less than the gravity, the star shrinks and gives off radative energy, finally the gravity cannot control the energy output so the star explodes |
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Term
| what was the galatic red shift? |
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Definition
| edwin hubble, analysis of spectra from galaxies indicated that it is shifted towards the red end of the visible spectra |
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Term
| FITB- the galactic red shift caused by _________ |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| apparent change in frequency of light due to relative motion of an object |
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Term
| FITB- greater the shift the _______ the galaxies are moving, the further away the galaxy, the ______ the galaxy is moving |
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Definition
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Term
| cosmic background radiation |
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Definition
| energy leftover from the big bang, discovered by accident, proof of big bang |
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Term
| FITB- objects that make up substances are ______ than the substances they compose |
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Definition
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Term
| timeline of earth, old to oldest |
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Definition
| earth->rocks->mineral->elements->atoms->particles that compose atoms->force that hold these particles together |
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Term
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Definition
| force that holds together the nucleaus of an atom |
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Term
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Definition
| force that attracts all objects in space to each other |
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Term
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Definition
| the force that holds atoms together |
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Term
| FITB- looking out into space allows us to look _____ into time |
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Definition
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Term
| FITB- the farthest quasars are _____ billion LY's away |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| universe began as a single point, becomes unstable, begins to expand and is filled w energy and is very hot, universe expands and begins to cool, fundamental forms of physics-elementary particles-and-fundamental elements form, denser regions of gas begin to collapse to form earliest galaxy |
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Term
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Definition
| gravitional force stops universe expansion and reverses the process |
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Term
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Definition
| expansion continues until universe is cold, matter decays and black holes evaporate |
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Term
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Definition
| expansion would stop and the universe would be cold, atter decays and black holes evaporate |
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Term
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Definition
| distance that light travels in a year, at a velocity of 186,000 miles per a second |
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Term
| what is the closest star to earth? |
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Definition
| Proxima Centauri and it is 4.2 ly's away |
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Term
| FITB- ______ is the brightest star (8.6 LY's away) |
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Definition
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Term
| FITB- ______ is the north star (678 LY's away) |
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Definition
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Term
| FITB- _____ is 518 LY's away and ______ is 900, they are the brightest stars in the constellation Orion |
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Definition
| Betelgeuse is 518, Rigel is 900 |
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Term
| What is the distance from the sun to the center of our galaxy? across our galaxy? closest galaxy? |
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Definition
| 27,000 LY's to center, 100,000 Ly's across, and 2.9 mil LY's to the Andromeda Galaxy |
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Term
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Definition
| apparent change when you look at an object from different positions |
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Term
| what are the 5 types of stars based on size? smallest to largest |
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Definition
| neutron star, white dwarf, main sequence, red giant, supergiant |
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Term
| FITB- blue stars are _______ than red stars |
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Definition
| hotter, 50,000 celcius compared to 3,000 celcius |
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Term
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Definition
| brightness of object as seen from earth, small numbers are bright while large numbers are dim |
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Term
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Definition
| brightness of an object with all objects same distance from earth |
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Term
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Definition
| home of our solar system, 200 billion stars at least and there planets including thousands of clusters and nebulae |
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Term
| FITB- multiple star systems have ____ or more stars |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| the larger star passes behing smaller star, dimming the brightest of the larger star |
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Term
| what are the types of multiple star systems |
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Definition
| binary, eclipsing binary, and triple |
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Term
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Definition
| large group of stars formed in same part of same nebula |
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Term
| what are open clusters compared to globular clusters? |
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Definition
open- loose and disorganzied group of about 1,000 stars, consists of bright supergiants and gas and dust
globular- millions of older stars, round and densely packed |
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Term
| a galaxy is a huge group of what? |
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Definition
| stars, star systems, star clusters, gas and dust |
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Term
| FITB- many galaxies have ___________ at the center |
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Definition
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Term
| FITB- the three types of galaxies are _____, _____, and ______ |
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Definition
spiral-mixture of young stars and dust(in spiral arms) and older stars(in center of galaxy)
elliptical- oval or round shaped, billions of old stars only, no gas or dust
irregular-contains young stars and gas/dust, near larger galaxies, the gravitation pull distorts the small galaxy |
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Term
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Definition
| groups of galaxies in the same part of the universe |
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Term
| FITB- the milky way galaxy is part of a _____ group(50 or so galaxies) which is part of the ______________(100 or so galaxies) |
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Definition
| local group, virgo super cluster |
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Term
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Definition
| very bright center of some distant galaxies, due to presense at center of young galaxies |
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Term
| FITB- light can be ______, ______, or ______ |
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Definition
| reflected or absorbed or transmitted |
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Term
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Definition
| can not be seen through, reflected or absorbed |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| what is regular reflection? |
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Definition
| angle of incidence is equal to angle of reflection |
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Term
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Definition
| angle of incidence is not equal to angle of reflection |
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Term
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Definition
| wall mirror, image same size |
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Term
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Definition
| inward curve, reflects light rays to a point(focal point), size varies, magnifies and focuses |
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Term
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Definition
| outward curve, spreads light rays outward, image size smaller |
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Term
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Definition
| cause light rays to be refracted |
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Term
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Definition
| bending of light rate due to change in medium(substance that the light travels through) |
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Term
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Definition
| inward curved, thicker at edges than middle, image smaller, spreads light rays outward |
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Term
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Definition
| outward curved, thicker at middle than edges, image varies, reflects light rays to a point(focal point) |
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Term
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Definition
| used for collection of lights |
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Term
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Definition
| series of convex lenses to collect visible light |
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Term
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Definition
| uses mirror(concave and flat) and an eyepiece(convex) to collect visible light |
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Term
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Definition
| concave surfaces collect radio signals from deep space |
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Term
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Definition
| range of wavelengths of light |
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Term
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Definition
| breaking down visible spectrum into wavelengths of light that compose the substance |
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Term
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Definition
| technique used to compare know spectra to light from stars, determines composition and temp of stars |
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