Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What was the man's name that thought of Continental Drift? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What three pieces of evidence supported the Continental Drift theory? |
|
Definition
- Same fossils on different continents.
- Same rocks on different continents.
- Continents fit together like puzzle pieces.
|
|
|
Term
| What is the theory of Plate Tectonics? |
|
Definition
| The theory that the earth's structure, or the lithosphere, is broken into plates. They are all moving. |
|
|
Term
| What are the layers of the earth? |
|
Definition
- Oceanic Crust
- Continental Crust
- Mantle
- Outer Core
- Inner Core
- Lithosphere
- Asthenosphere
|
|
|
Term
| Which layers are solid and which layers are molten? |
|
Definition
| All layers, except the asthenosphere and the outer core are solid. |
|
|
Term
| Which crust is more dense, oceanic or continental? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the motion and stress at a convergent boundary? |
|
Definition
| The motion is the plates going towards each other and the stress is compression. |
|
|
Term
| What is the motion and stress at a divergent boundary? |
|
Definition
| The motion is the plates going away from each other and the stress is tension. |
|
|
Term
| What is the motion and stress at a transform boundary? |
|
Definition
| The motion is the plates sliding next to each other and the stress is shearing. |
|
|
Term
| What are the features that are formed at a convergent boundary? |
|
Definition
| Subduction (oceanic-continental or oceanic-oceanic), earthquakes, trenches, volcanoes, mountains and island arcs. |
|
|
Term
| What are the features that are formed at a divergent boundary? |
|
Definition
| Earthquakes, rifts (land) and ridges (water). |
|
|
Term
| What are the features that are formed at a transform boundary? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Where are convergent boundaries' effects taking place? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Where are divergent boundaries' effects taking place? |
|
Definition
| Great Rift Valley in Africa. |
|
|
Term
| Where are transform boundaries' effects taking place? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| How do we know where the plate boundaries are and what evidence do we have? |
|
Definition
| Most of the earth's earthquakes take place along the plate boundaries. |
|
|
Term
| What type of heat transfer drives plate tectonics? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Which layer does the heat transfer take place in? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| How is heat transfer responsible for plate tectonics' movement? |
|
Definition
| Convection moves in a circle below the plates, so the plates move with it. |
|
|
Term
| What is an earthquake and where are they most common? |
|
Definition
| Shaking at the surface of the earth resulting from underground movement along a fault plane, often from volcanic activity. They are most common along plate boundaries. |
|
|
Term
| What are the three types of seismic waves emitted by earthquakes? Which is the fastest and which is the slowest? |
|
Definition
- P-waves
- S-waves
- Surface
The fastest wave is a P-wave and the slowest wave is an S-wave. |
|
|
Term
| How are earthquake epicenters found? |
|
Definition
| Three different seismographs take three different circle readings and they intersect at one common point, the epicenter. |
|
|
Term
| What is the difference between the epicenter and the focus? |
|
Definition
| The focus is the point under the earth where the earthquake starts. The epicenter is the point on the surface that is directly above it. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| A destructive sea wave caused by an earthquake or volcanic eruption. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| When there is an earthquake or landslide underwater. |
|
|
Term
| Why are tsunamis more dangerous when they're closer to the shore? |
|
Definition
| Tsunamis decrease in speed so that they can build up in size in shallow waters. |
|
|
Term
| What are the three major types of volcanoes? |
|
Definition
- Cinder Cone
- Shield
- Composite
|
|
|
Term
| What are the three types of volcanoes' relative sizes? |
|
Definition
| The shield is the biggest, the composite is medium and the cinder-cone is the smallest. |
|
|
Term
| What are the three types of volcanoes' type of eruptions? |
|
Definition
| Shield has a lava flow eruption, composite hass a mix and cinder-cone is explosive. |
|
|
Term
| What are the three types of volcanoes' lava viscosities? |
|
Definition
| Shields' are low, composites' are higher, cinder-cones' are low. |
|
|
Term
| What are different types of famous volcanoes? |
|
Definition
| Shield is Hawaiian Volcanoes, composite is Mt. St. Helens and cinder-cone is Mt. Tabor. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Magma is formed when rock melts. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Lava is magma when it reaches the surface of the earth. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| A batholith is when a body of magma cools below the earth's surface. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Cinders are large chunks of old, hardened lava blocks. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Ashes are particles that are less than 2 mm in diameter. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Viscosity is a liquid's resistance to flow. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| A caldera is a wide basin in the center of a volcanic cone formed by the collapse of a top of a volcano. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| A hot spot is an area of concentrated heat deep within the earth. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| A seismograph is an instrument used to record earthquake waves. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| A shadow zone is an area of the earth's surface that is shielded from the effects of P-waves and S-waves. |
|
|
Term
| What is the Richter Scale? |
|
Definition
| The Richter Scale is a special scale used to report the size, or magnitude, of an earthquake. |
|
|
