Term
|
Definition
| A microbe composed of genetic material and protein that cannot replicate itself. |
|
|
Term
| Infection with macroparasites can be reduced by... |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
- Cholera
- Gastoenteritis
- Typhoid
- Tetanus |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| The most recently discovered and possibly the smallest pathogen which can cause normal proteins to adopt its abnormal shape. |
|
|
Term
| What are some forms of diseases? |
|
Definition
- Fungus
- Macroparasite
- Bacterium
- Protozoa
- Prions
- Virus |
|
|
Term
Classify: fungi, protozoa, virus and bacteria. In order of the largest to smallest.
|
|
Definition
| (Fungi, protozoa, bacteria, virus) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| An opportunistic fungal infection. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Are opportunistic (able to spread quickly) pathogens |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
- Caused by the protist plasmodium
- Spread by a mosquito (a vector) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Not considered to be living things because they do not self-reproduce |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Kill many types of bacteria. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Spherical-shaped bacteria. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Micro-organisms that cause disease. |
|
|
Term
| Define a 'communicable disease' |
|
Definition
| A disease that is transmitted easily from person to person. |
|
|
Term
| Name types of infectious diseases. |
|
Definition
- Chickenpox
- Ringworm
- Polio
- Malareia
- AIDS
- Rubella |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What are some features of non-infectious diseases? |
|
Definition
- Not contagious
- Not caused bu microbes
- Are either genetic, caused by poor diet, lifestyle or environmental factors |
|
|
Term
| What are the 2 groups of diseases? |
|
Definition
Infectious & Non-infectious
|
|
|
Term
| Name non-infectious diseases. |
|
Definition
- Haemophilia
- Asthma
- Leukaemia
- Cancer
- Multiple sclerosis |
|
|
Term
| How are infectious diseases caught? |
|
Definition
- By breathing in air containing pathogens
- By breathing in water droplets from an infected person |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| An outbreak that goes global, placing everyone on the planet at risk. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| A disease that suddenly gets out of control. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Higher than the normal no. people are affected by a particular disease in a certain place. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| A disease that regulary affects a small no. people in the population. |
|
|
Term
| What are some examples of parasites? |
|
Definition
- Intestinal worms
- Leeches
- Fleas
- Ticks |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| An egent that uses the host for food or shelter. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| An organism that carries a pathogen and transmits it to the host, but is not affected by it. |
|
|
Term
| Define an agent/pathogen. |
|
Definition
| Anything that causes disease. |
|
|
Term
| What is a micro-organism? |
|
Definition
| an organism so small that it can only be seen with a microscope e.g. bacteria, virus |
|
|
Term
| A micro-organism is known as a... |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Large, single-celled organisms which often have a cyst stage to protect them during their time between hosts. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| A biological agent that causes diseases. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Are used to prevent viruses. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| A pathogen that is visible to the naked eye and may complete part of its life cycle in the human body. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| An atom with more neutrons in the nucleus. |
|
|
Term
| How has knowledge of the atom progressed over time? |
|
Definition
- Ancient Greeks (400 bce)
- Daltons's "Indivisible and Indestructible atoms" model (1805)
- Thomson's "Plum Pudding" model (1911)
- Bohr's "Shell" model (1911) |
|
|
Term
| Compare mortality rates of indigenous people to non-indigenous people suffering certain diseases. |
|
Definition
| Mortality rates for indigenous australians are quite high compared to non- indigenous australians especially for 'end-stage renal disease' |
|
|
Term
| What are some significant indigenous health issues? And what are they caused by? |
|
Definition
- Heart health issues (poor diet)
- Type 2 diabetes (drugs, diet)
- Kidney disease (diabetes, alcohol, high blood pressure)
- Dementure (alcohol, brain damage) |
|
|
Term
| Describe 3 ways that the spread of disease is controlled. |
|
Definition
- Quarantine
- Vaccines (prevent)
- Screening people at airports |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| A foreing substance which induces an immune response in the body, especially the production of antibodies. |
|
|
Term
| What is the first line of defense? |
|
Definition
- skin
-tears
- ear wax
- mucus membranes
|
|
|
Term
| What is involved in the second line of defense? |
|
Definition
- Inflammation
- fever
- blood clotting |
|
|
Term
| Describe an inflammation reaction. |
|
Definition
- injured body cells release chemicals called histamines
- capillaries dilate
- Pyrogens are released
- Temperature rises
-Pain receptors activate
-WBCs flock to the infected area |
|
|
Term
| What is the 3rd line of defense? |
|
Definition
| Making antibodies to specific antigens. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Proteins latch onto, damage and slow down foreign particles. |
|
|
Term
| Describe how your skin defends the body (in the 1st line of defense) |
|
Definition
- The dead outer layer of skin (the epidermis) forms a shield against invaders
- It secretes chemicals that kills potential invaders |
|
|
Term
| Describe how mucus protects the body. |
|
Definition
- Foreign particles that you breathe in bump into mucus in the respiratory system and become stuck
- Cilia sweep the mucus into the throat
- Stomach acide or saliva breaks down the foreign particles |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Organised or specialised structures within a living cell. |
|
|
Term
| What do viruses do within the body? |
|
Definition
- enter body cells
- hijack their organelles
- turn cell into a virus
- cell will eventually burst releasing thousands of viruses to infect new cells |
|
|
Term
| State the function of the immune system. |
|
Definition
| - to protect the body from foreign particles/pathogens |
|
|
Term
| What are examples of the forms of infectious diseases? |
|
Definition
Bacteria: salmonella
Fungi: ringworm
Virus: Rubella
Protozoa: Malaria |
|
|
Term
| What is negative feedback? Give an example. |
|
Definition
Negative feedback ensures that homeostasis is achieved by returning the control system back to the set level.
E.g. if we get to hot our blood vessels in our skin vasodilate (become larger) and we lose heat and cool back. Thus return to set body levels. |
|
|
Term
| What are some factors (other than temperature) that are controlled by negative feeback? |
|
Definition
- blood oxygen levels
- salt levels |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
- relating to the survival of cells inside of an organism
- body systems work together to maintain homeostasis (a healthy environment that cells can survive in) |
|
|
Term
| What is the function of hormones and the endocrine system? |
|
Definition
| - Regulates metabloism, growth, tissue function, reproduction, sleep etc. |
|
|
Term
| What is the function of the peripheral nervous system? |
|
Definition
| To connect the cns to the limbs and sensory organs. |
|
|
Term
| What are the lobes within the cns/brain? |
|
Definition
- frontal
- parietal
- occipital
- temporal |
|
|
Term
| What are the functions of these lobes within the brain? |
|
Definition
Frontal: reasoning, movement, emotions
Parietal: perception of stimuli, orientation
Occipital: visual processing
Temporal: auditory stimuli, memorys, speech |
|
|
Term
| Compare the endocrine and nervous system. |
|
Definition
Both systems use chemical messengers to signal cells
Speed- endocrine= long/slow
nervous= very fast |
|
|
Term
| What are types of receptors for detecting stimuli? |
|
Definition
- light
- sound
- chemicals
- touch
-temperature |
|
|
Term
| How do messages travel and what message is involved in the nervous system? |
|
Definition
- message travels through the nerves in the sense organs, spinal cord and brain
- message involves is an impulse |
|
|
Term
| How do messages travel and what message is involved in the endocrine system? |
|
Definition
- Messages travel through the blood stream
- Messages are chemical/electrical impulses |
|
|
Term
| Describe motor, sensory and internuerons. |
|
Definition
Sensory: send information to the CNS
Motor: send information away from the CNS
Interneurons: send information between the sensory and motor neurons |
|
|
Term
| Explain the function of the nervous system. |
|
Definition
| To coordinate and control the body through communicating messages. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Causes infectiouns on the body's surface and sometimes internally, but many (fungi) have a useful function. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Can be used against bacterial infections. |
|
|
