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| periods of cooling are called ice ages. 28% of the land was glaciers. They can tell this because of the mark glaciers have left. |
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| Greenhouse effect and the main greenhouse gas |
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Definition
| the greenhouse effect is natural warming caused by gases in our atmosphere trapping heat. Carbon dioxide is the main greenhouse gas. |
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Term
| Whats a Glacier and how do they form |
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Definition
large areas full of ice
snow stays on the ground all year long. It begins to pile up and the pressure turns it into ice. eventually, the pressure melts the ice on the bottom and it begins to move. |
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| What are features in glaciers |
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Definition
Icefalls and crevices
Icefall is where the glacier flows over a cliff
Crevasse is a crack in the glacial ice |
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advancing Glaciers and Retreating Glaciers
Advancing is when it is moving forward like moving down a hill
Retreating Glaciers is when more snow is melting than being added |
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| How do glaciers change the surface of the earth |
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Definition
| glaciers can pick up rocks and large boulders. as the glaciers move the rocks scrape the surface of the earth and create scratches called striations. mountain aretes are shaped by glaciers. cirques are bowls created by glaciers, as well as u shaped valleys |
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| Why are glaciers important |
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Definition
| glaciers hold fresh water and on hot days the melt and release some extra fresh water that is needed. glaciers feed water to rivers for running factories, irrigation, cattle, and drinking water |
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Term
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Definition
lakes and ponds - holes in the ground filled with standing water. a lake is bigger than a pond
wetland - a low area filled with water
places for animals to live |
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Definition
streams and rivers - fast flowing, waterways. rivers are larger, deeper, longer, and faster than streams
oxygen-rich and a water source for plants and animals |
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Term
| What happens when water goes underground |
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Definition
| the water travels through bedrock. at a certain point it cannot go any further and it begins to fill up and holds the ground water. As is moves through gravel and bedrock it cleans itself. Can be used as drinking water. |
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| the level that the groundwater goes to |
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Term
| what is a watershed? where do they flow from Alberta? |
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Definition
| a watershed is where the water drains to. In Alberta, the water flows to the Arctic Ocean, the Hudsons Bay, and the Gulf of Mexico |
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| What affects run-off and how |
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Definition
| Vegetation affects run-off. areas without vegetation suffer from soil erosion. |
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Definition
| steep rivers carry materials from the bottom and when the river slows down it deposits these materials |
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Term
| Why do they have to measure sediment levels |
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Definition
| Pollutants can be attached to sediments. They can determine where pollutants are coming from and see their impact on the environment |
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Term
| Groundwater contamination |
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Definition
| hazardous materials can get into groundwater by being picked up off of the ground by rivers and rain and eventually to be consumed by humans which is a problem because we get a lot of our water from the ground. |
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| Droughts and Floods in Alberta |
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Definition
Drought occur in Southern Alberta (farming) needs water
Floods occur is Northern Alberta because of snow and rain. which affects cities. |
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| Features of the ocean floor |
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Definition
| The ocean floor has valleys, mountain ranges, and plains. All created by the movement of tectonic plates |
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| How Oceans waves are created |
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Definition
| Ocean waves are created by wind |
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Term
| different features of ocean waves |
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Definition
| The crest is the top and trough the bottom |
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Term
| what happens when waves get close to shore |
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Definition
| When the waves get closer to the shore they get slowed down by friction. The wavelength shortens and the height increases. Eventually, the topple forward and collapse on shore. |
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| how do waves affect the shore |
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Definition
| They can erode rocky shorelines and redeposit sediment |
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| Types of tides and what affects them |
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Definition
The link between the Earth, Moon, and Sun is gravity.
Spring tides - LARGE MOVEMENT Earth, Moon, Sun, in line.
Extra high and extra low
Neap tides - SMALL MOVEMENT Sun and Moon at right angles to each other |
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| What is a current and what are the different currents |
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Definition
Currents are rivers within the ocean
Surface Currents - wind-driven
Warm currents - warm water flowing from the equator
Cold Currents - cold water flowing from the Arctic and Antartic regions |
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| What affects currents and what do currents affect |
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Definition
Uneven heating - Equator is hotter artic waters are cooler
Rotation - uneven heating
Continents
Currents being warm and cold water to different areas. The temperature transfer to the air and warms/cools that area |
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| What is one animal adaption in each habitat |
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Definition
ponds and lakes - fish gills
rivers and streams - Phytoplankton stay near the surface
ocean - starfish have appendages to help grip |
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Term
| What are three types of plants |
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Definition
Attached - rooted at the bottom, stomata at the top of leaves, flexible stems, flowers grow at the surface
Seaweed - no roots, attached to the bottom, gets nutrients from the water
Phytoplankton - marine life depend on these, produce oxygen, light and buoyant |
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Term
| Discuss the nutrient balance |
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Definition
| All plants and animals need nutrients to survive but you can have too many nutrients. This can cause an algae bloom, which kills plants, the plants have to be decomposed which takes a lot of oxygen and therefore everything in the ecosystem dies. |
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Term
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Definition
| If one animal is taken out it can mess up the whole chain. The base consists of plants and if the next animal on the chain dies out the plants will overgrow and the thing above that will starve. Chemicals can also work its way up the food chain even to humans. |
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Term
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Definition
| hard water has a lot of calcium, soft water doesnt |
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Term
| Pollutants that affect water quality put there by humans |
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Definition
| all activities we do can add substances to water. many are pollutants that can harm things in the ecosystem. also when pollutants are released into the air it can cause acid rains |
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Definition
| a species that can display how healthy an ecosystem is |
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Definition
| managing a major water source |
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| sumarize how we clean water |
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Definition
| water comes in, a screen keeps debris out, chemicals are added, the solid substances settle to the bottom, it is pumped through filters, chlorine is added, water is clean. |
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