Term
| Important points on environment with living organisms (What plants and animals need in their environment, how plants get more light, different types of eyes) |
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Definition
| Plants need light, air, water, and nutrients in their environment. Animals need air, water, food, and shelter in their environment. Plants bend towards the light source. In nocturnal eyes the cornea is on the full front portion of the eye, the lens is much larger as well as the retina. In diurnal eyes the cornea and the pupil are raised, (like a bump) the lens is quite small and the retina is thinner. |
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Term
| Important points on waste with living organisms (Plants and animals waste, and what plants and animals take in) |
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Definition
| Plants take in animals waste (carbon dioxide) and produce oxygen through photosynthesis. Animals breathe in oxygen and their waste is carbon dioxide, urine, and feces. |
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Term
| Important points on adaption with living organisms (What is adaption) |
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Definition
| Organisms change to be better suited to its environment. |
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Term
| Important points on energy with living organisms (How plants and animals get energy, |
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Definition
| Plants use sunlight, co2, and water to make oxygen and sugars through photosynthesis. Animals get their energy from their food. |
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Term
| Important points on reproduction with living organisms(What plants and animals need to reproduce) |
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Definition
| Plants have male and female parts that allow them to produce seeds. Animals need a mal and female. The baby animal grows inside the female's uterus. |
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Term
| Important points on growth with living organisms (What living things need to grow) |
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Definition
| Living things need water, energy, environment, and reproduction to grow. |
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Term
| Important points on cells and specialized cells with living organisms. (What cells make up and what that makes up, WHat are specialized cells) |
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Definition
| Major organs are made of tissue and tissue is made of tiny living things called cells. Specialized cells are cells that have a specific task they must carry out. |
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Term
| How big does something have to be in order for us to see it? |
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Definition
| They have to be larger than 0.1 of a millimeter |
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Term
| What was Matthias Schleiden and Theodore Schwann's hypothesis? |
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Definition
| They made the hypothesis that all organisms are made of cells. They suggested that cells are the basic unit of life. |
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Term
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Definition
All living things are composed of one or more cells.
Cells are the basic units of structure and function in all organisms. |
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Term
| What are compound microscopes? |
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Definition
| A microscope using two lenses and a light source that magnifies the specimen up to 2000x |
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Term
| What are electron microscopes? |
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Definition
| Scientists use these. They use beams of electrons instead of light. They enlarge the thing up to 2 million times onto a screen or photographic plate. |
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Term
| What is a transmission microscope? |
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Definition
| It magnifies the a thin cross-section of the specimen |
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Term
| What is a scanning micropcope? |
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Definition
| It magnifies the whole specimen and produces a 3D image |
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Term
| What is the difference between multicellular and unicellular organisms? |
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Definition
| Multicellular organisms consist of more than one cell. unicellular organisms have only one cell. |
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Term
| Why are unicellular organisms not simple? |
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Definition
| Unicellular organisms aren't simple, they need to find a way of moving, getting food, a carryout other functions essential for life |
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Term
| What are the organelles of a cell? Expain each. |
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Definition
Cell membrane - Protects the insides of the shell
Cytoplasm - Is jelly-like. Gives nutrients and other things to different parts of the cell
Nucleus - It controls the cell’s activities. It contains the chromosomes. The nucleus is enclosed by a nuclear membrane, which controls what enters and leaves the nucleus.
Vacuoles - Big spaces for the storage of food wastes and other things it cant use right away
Cell Wall - Provide more support for the cell than a cell membrane. Only in plants and unicellular organisms.
Chloroplasts - Where photosynthesis happens |
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Term
| What is the difference between plant cells and animal cells |
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Definition
| Plant cells have a cell wall and chloroplasts. |
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Term
| Why are cells not very big |
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Definition
| Larger cells would need more materials to carry out essential functions and it would produce more waste that it would need to get rid of |
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Term
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Definition
| allowing only certain materials to pass through |
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Term
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Definition
| allowing all materials to pass through |
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Term
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Definition
| allowing no materials to pass through |
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Term
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Definition
| the movement of particles in liquids and gases from an area of higher concentration to an area of lower concentration |
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Term
| How does diffusion relate to the cells with the particle model |
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Definition
All particles are constantly moving and bumping into each other.
If ink was put into a liquid like water as they all bumped into each other the ink particles would move to areas with fewer particles. |
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Term
| How do cells use diffusion |
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Definition
| DIffusion in cells is used to equal out the carbon dioxide inside and out of the cell. When the cell produces carbon dioxide as a waste product the amount of carbon inside is unequal to that of inside. The cell must use diffusion and allow some carbon dioxide particles leave the cell through tiny holes to equal out. |
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Term
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Definition
| the diffusion of a solvent, usually water, through a selectively permeable membrane |
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Term
| How does your body use and need osmosis |
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Definition
| About 70 percent of the cell is water and most will die without it. When you are active and you sweat water is lost from those cells. Water tends to move by osmosis from a diluted solution to a more concentrated solution so other parts of your body gives that part the needed water (partly by osmosis and partly by the circulatory system) . |
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Term
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Definition
| in plants, tissues that connect the root system and the shoot system |
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Term
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Definition
| in plants, the tissue that conducts water and minerals absorbed by the root cells to every cell in the plant |
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Term
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Definition
| in plants, the tissue that transports sugars manufactured in the leaves to the rest of the plant |
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Term
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Definition
| On a plant root, an extension of a single epidermal cell. Water enters a root hair by osmosis |
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Term
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Definition
| small holes on the underside of leaves allowing air and carbon dioxide to enter and exit. |
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Term
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Definition
| the loss of water from a plant through evaporation |
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Term
| What happens to water that is not needed when it reaches the top of the plant. |
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Definition
| Water from a plant does not circulate and goes back to the roots. It must exit the plant through transpiration |
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Term
| How are plant cells connected |
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Definition
| There is no break in this water system. Fine columns of water connect every cell, from the leaves to the roots. |
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Term
| How does water go from the top of the tree (use particle model as well) |
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Definition
| The particle model states that individual water particles are held together by attraction, the water would then behave as a single unit. Water from root hairs pushes water columns up the plant. At the same time, water lost from the leaves by transpiration pulls water up the xylem tissues all the way from the roots. Because of this, trees can transport water without having a pumping organ similar to the human heart. |
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Term
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Definition
| long branched fibres going of from the main part of the cell. Carries nerve signals to the body |
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Term
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Definition
| disklike, carries oxygen in the bloodstream |
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Term
| Water conducting plant cells |
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Definition
| Tubelike with thick walls. Water passes through easily |
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Term
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Definition
| flat and closely fit together to form a thick protective layer |
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Term
| What are disadvantages to be a unicellular organism |
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Definition
1. Unicellular organisms cannot grow very large.
2. Can only live in watery, food-rich surroundings
3. Unicellular organisms cannot work as efficiently as multicellular organisms.
4. Unicellular organisms cannot obtain energy from a wide variety of food.
5. One cell has to do all the work.
6. Less functions.
7. Have shorter lifespan. |
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Term
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Definition
| a group of cells having the same structure and funtion |
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Term
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Definition
| a group of tissues that work together to perform a specific function |
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Term
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Definition
| a collection of parts that work together in such a way that a change in one part can result in a change in another part |
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Term
| List two systems in our body |
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Definition
| circulatory, respiratory, digestive, excretory, nervous, endocrine, immune, integumentary, skeletal, muscle and reproductive. |
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Term
| label heart diagram [image] |
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Definition
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Term
| label respiratory system diagram [image] |
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Definition
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Term
| label digestive system diagram[image] |
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Definition
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Term
| What happens when you breathe? |
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Definition
| When you breathe in it fills your lungs with oxygen and when you breathe out you get rid of the carbon dioxide in your body. |
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Term
| What is the purpose of the circulatory system? |
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Definition
| The circulatory system transports food and oxygen throughout your body and circulates blood containing nutrients. |
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Term
| What structures connect arteries and veins? |
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Definition
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Term
| Which vessels transport blood away from the heart and have a thick muscular wall? |
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Definition
| Arteries have thick, muscular walls for carrying blood under pressure away from the heart. |
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Term
| Which vessels transport blood toward the heart and have valves? |
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Definition
| Veins have thinner walls than arteries. Valves inside veins prevent blood from flowing backward. They take the blood back to the heart. |
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Term
| Which part of the heart receives blood from the lungs? |
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Definition
| The left side of the heart receives the oxygen-rich blood from the lungs and pumps it to the body. |
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Term
| Why is the circulatory system important to humans? |
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Definition
| This system circulates blood around the body, delivering food particles, dissolved gases, and other materials to every cell and carrying away cell wastes. It keeps us alive. |
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Term
| Which structures are included in the circulatory system? |
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Definition
| The circulatory system consists of the heart, blood, and blood vessels |
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Term
| Why are capillaries small and thin? |
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Definition
| The function of capillaries is to allow food and oxygen to diffuse to cells while waste is diffused from cells. Capillaries have thin walls - only one cell thick - that allow them to effectively perform their function. |
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Term
| Why does the heart need so many different parts? |
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Definition
| It needs to pump blood all over the body. It has a very important job that needs parts all over our bodies. |
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Term
| List the tubes that help you to breathe and their diameter in the chart below: |
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Definition
trachea 20mm
bronchus 12mm
Alveoli 0.2mm |
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Term
| What are the tiny air sacs at the end of the tubes called? |
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Definition
| The tiny air sacs at the end of the tubes are called alveoli |
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Term
| What are the tiniest tubes in the circulatory system called? |
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Definition
| The smallest blood vessels are the capillaries. |
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Term
| How are these tiny tubes related to the air sacs? |
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Definition
| The tiny tubes are related to the air sacs because each alveolus is surrounded by a web of capillaries. |
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Term
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Definition
| The oxygen diffuses through the walls of the alveoli and through the capillary so it can get into the bloodstream to keep use healthy and alive. |
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Term
| What is exchanged from the blood in the capillaries and the air in the air sacs? |
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Definition
| Carbon dioxide and oxygen |
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Term
| Name two functions of your blood stream. |
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Definition
| Carries food particles and obtains oxygen that comes from our lungs. |
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Term
| Where does the transfer of food from the digestive system to your circulatory system take place? |
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Definition
| This transfer takes place in the inner lining of the small intestine. |
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Term
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Definition
| Digestion is the process in which food is broken down to become useful to the body. |
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Term
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Definition
| The process that allows food particles to pass from the intestine to the circulatory system |
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Term
| Name two functions of the digestive system? |
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Definition
| To break down food to use the useful cells and give away the unuseful cells and to help absorption take place. |
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Term
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Definition
| Villi are finger-like projections on the surface on the inner lining of the small intestine. Villi contain multiple networks of capillaries. |
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Term
| Why are there so many villi and air sacs? |
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Definition
| They increase the surface area so absorption of nutrients can happen more efficiently. |
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Term
| What percent of the blood is and what does it do. |
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Definition
| 55% carries nutrients, waste products, hormones, and blood cells |
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Term
| What percent of the blood is red blood cells and what does it do. |
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Definition
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Term
| What percent of the blood is white blood cells and what does it do. |
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Definition
| less than 1% Defend the body against infection and disease which cause blood to clot |
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Term
| What percent of the blood is platelets and what does it do. |
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Definition
| less than 1% Heals wounds to prevent blood loss |
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Term
| What is the blood pressure in relation to the volume of blood |
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Definition
| A person loses a lot of blood from an injury which makes the pressure low |
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Term
| What is the blood pressure in relation to the heart rate |
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Definition
| A fast beating heart pushes blood throughout the body rapidly which makes the pressure high |
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Term
| What is the blood pressure in relation to the artery size |
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Definition
| Large open arteries allow large amounts of blood through which makes the pressure low. Small, partly closed arteries allow smaller amounts of blood through which makes the pressure high |
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Term
| What is the blood pressure in relation to the artery elasticity |
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Definition
| Flexible arteries that can easily expand let more blood pass which makes the pressure low. Hardening and loss of eleasticity makes the pressure high. |
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Term
| What is the blood pressure in relation to the blood viscosity |
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Definition
| (balance between red blood cells and plasma) : Thick blood flows less easily thsn that of thin blood which makes it high pressure and thin low pressure. |
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Term
| What are two things smoking can do to your circulatory system? |
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Definition
| Nicotine causes blood vessels to narrow which increases heart rate and raises blood pressure. Carbon monoxide that enters the lungs compete with oxygen which reduces the blood's ability to carry oxygen to cells. |
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