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| anything that has mass and takes up space |
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| the simples pure substances, and they cannot be broken down into any other substances |
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| Elements are often called |
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| the building locks of matter because all matter is composed of one element or a combination of two or more elements |
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| a pure substance made of two or more elements that are combined chemically in a specific ratio |
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| two or more substances-elements, compounds, or both-that are in the same place but not chemically combined |
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| the smallest particle of an element |
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| a well-tested idea that explains and connects a wide range of observations |
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| physical, mental, visual, and other representations of an idea to help people understand what they cannot observe directly |
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| a series of models that developed from experimental evidence. As more evidence was collected, the theory and models were revised |
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| negatively charged particles |
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| the central core of the atom, containing protons and usually neutrons |
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| positively charged particles |
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| the specific amount of energy an electron has |
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| particle electrically charged neutrally |
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| those electrons that have the highest energy level and are held most loosely |
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| The number of valence electrons in an atom of an element determines |
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| many properties of that element, including the ways in which the atom can bond with other atoms |
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| the symbol for the element surrounded by dots (valence electrons). from 1-8, 8 being neutral |
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| the force of attraction that holds two atoms together as a result of he rearrangement of electrons between them |
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| each element is represented by a |
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| the number of protons in the nucleus of atom |
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| a row of elements across the periodic table |
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| elements in the same column |
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| As the # of protons-or atomic number- increases, the # of ____ also increases |
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| electrons. The properties of the elements change in a regular way across a period. |
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| Group 18 elements are known as |
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| an element belonging to Group 1 of the periodic table |
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| an atom or group of atoms that has an electric charge |
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| When an atom loses an electron |
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| it loses a negative charge and becomes a positive ion |
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| When an atom gains an electron |
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| it gains a negative charge and becomes a negative ion |
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| ions that are made of more than one atom |
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| the attraction between two oppositely charged ions |
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| Ionic bonds form as a result of... |
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| the attraction between positive and negative ions |
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| a compound that consists of positive and negative ions |
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| a combination of symbols that shows the ration of elements in a compound |
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| When ionic compounds form... |
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| the ions come together in a way that balances out the charges on the ions |
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| The chemical formula for the compound reflects... |
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| tells you the ratio of elements in the compound |
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| For an ionic compound, the name of the _____ ion comes first, followed by the name of the _____ ion |
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| Ionic Compound Characteristics |
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| hard, brittle crystals that have high melting points. When dissolved in water or melted, they conduct electricity |
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| the ions form an orderly, three-dimensional arrangement |
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| the chemical bond formed when 2 atoms share electrons |
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| The force that holds atoms together in a covalent bond is.. |
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| the attraction of each atom's nucleus for the shared pair of electrons |
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| a neutral group of atoms joined by covalent bonds |
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| the two atoms share two pairs of electrons |
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| elements such as nitrogen and carbon |
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| a compound that is compound of molecules |
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| Compared to ionic compounds, molecular compounds generally have |
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| lower melting points and boiling points, and they do not conduct electricity when dissolved in water |
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| Atoms of some elements pull more strongly on |
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| shared electrons that do atoms of other elements. The electrons are pulled more toward one atom, causing the bonded atoms to have slight electrical charges. |
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| a covalent bond in which electrons are shared unequally |
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| a covalent bond in which electrons are shared equally |
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| an attraction between a positive metal ion and the electrons surrounding it |
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| a material made of two or more elements that has the properties of a metal |
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| The "sea of electrons" model of solid metals explains their ability to |
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| conduct heat and electricity, the ease with which they can be made to change shape, and their luster |
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