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| process of forming clastic sedimentary rocks |
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Definition
| weathering, deposition, compaction, cementation |
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| most likely source rock for conglomerate that contains alot of quartz sand and some clay |
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| silica shells of tiny microorganisims form : |
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| pea sized rock (clast size) |
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Definition
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| where are the oldest layers of sediments |
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Definition
| bottom (the deeper the older) |
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Definition
| to be high in plagioclase w/ no quartz |
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| minerals rich in calcium, iron, magnesium are |
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| when igneous rock is weathered and eroded it forms |
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| if sedimentary rock is melted into lava and cooled it will form |
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| 2 clasts that are the most easy to cement |
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| regional metamorphism is influenced by |
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| temperature, pressure, gases and liquids in the rock |
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| in calm water conditions (because particles were so small) |
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| marble would be a bad countertop because |
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Definition
| the acid would melt it away |
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| horizantal intrusion of cooled magma |
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Definition
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| vertical intrusion of cooled magma |
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| large mass of cooled magma underground |
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| sedimentary rocks form in |
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Definition
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| why is coal a better fuel than peat? |
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Definition
| coal is more compacted, more fuel per inch |
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Term
| as air pressure increases, mercury in a barometer |
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Definition
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| further up in the atmospher, the air pressure |
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| when air rises up the side of a mountain |
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Definition
| the temp decreases and the relative humidity increases |
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Term
| any form of water that falls from a cloud is |
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Definition
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| difference between sleet and hail is |
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Definition
| where the ice pellets form |
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| to produce precip. clouds are seeded w/ |
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Definition
| dry ice and silver iodide |
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| smallest water particles in precip |
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| wet bulb & dry bulb psychrometer |
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Definition
| measure relative humidity |
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| coriolis effect (northern hemisphere) causes fast moving objects that travel over great distances to |
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| jet stream can move very fast b/c |
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Definition
| it is high in the troposhpere |
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Term
| zone where doldrums lie and where winds converge |
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Definition
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| differences in air temperature and air pressure causes |
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| doldrums and horse latitudes have in common: |
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| winds that lie between the doldrums and horse latitudes |
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Term
| three cell model weakness |
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Definition
| assuming that the world is flat |
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Term
| strength of the three cell model |
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Definition
| shows us (approx) where certain wind patterns are |
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Term
| in general, winds blow out of ____ and into ____ |
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| where the isobars are closest together |
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| fast moving air is lower pressure |
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Term
| nimbostratus clous look like |
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Definition
| dark, flat, kind of like a blanket |
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Term
| ___ contains most of the weather |
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Definition
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Term
| earths atmospher is important because |
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Definition
| it provides all the gases that living things need |
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| atmosphere traps some of the energy from the sun which alows water |
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Definition
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| most abundant gases in atmosphere |
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Definition
| O2 and N2 (oxygen and nitrogen) |
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| other gases (besides the ones that are most abundant) in atmospher are (percent) |
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Definition
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| humidity is ___ in the form of ___ |
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| most pollution comes from |
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Definition
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| farther up in tyhe atmopher, the ___ the air pressure |
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Definition
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| when climbing a mountain, you get out of breath easily because |
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Definition
| the density of oxygen decreases |
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Term
| mail layers of the atmosphere are classified by |
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Definition
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| from earth to space, the main layers of the atmosphere are: |
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Definition
| troposphere, stratosphere, mesosphere, thermosphere |
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Definition
| how much of the sun's energy hits a certain area of the earth |
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Term
| wat causes convection to occur? |
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Definition
| different densities of materials |
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Term
| why does the temperature of a wet bulb thermometer go down compared to a dry bulb? |
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Definition
| as the water evaporates, it absorbs heat |
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Term
| a hole in the ozone layer would most likely have which major effect on humans? |
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Definition
| an increase in skin cancers |
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Definition
| the process in which gases hold heat in the atmosphere |
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| what causes the formation of clouds? |
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Definition
| rising air cools and the air can't hold the water vapor as well so it condenses |
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Term
| how come it gets warmer when it snows? |
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Definition
| when water freezes, it releases heat |
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Definition
| when warm air forms a blanket over cold air and traps it, smog can build up (big problem in LA) |
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Term
| nearly all the heat from a campfire reaches you by |
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Definition
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Term
| best explains why houston is warmer than alaska? |
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Definition
| houston get more direct sunlight |
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Definition
| having a low percentage of error |
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| chemical formula for ozone: |
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| wat the temp feels like (can be lower or higher than the real temp) |
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| on a day w/ a high dew point would the difference on a dry bul/wet bulb thermometer be big or small? |
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Definition
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| nitrogen and sulfur oxides combine with water to create |
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Definition
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| this gas contributes most to global warming |
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Definition
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Definition
| lines on a weather map that connect places with the same temperature |
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| the amount of cm3 that are in 100 mL |
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Definition
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| the temperature at which water vapor condenses |
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Term
| why is knowing the dew point useful? |
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Definition
| depending on the dew point, the temperature may feel hotter than it really is (the higher the relaive humidity the harder it is for your sweat to evaporate) |
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Term
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Definition
| temperature=the measure of the average kinetic energy the molecules have, and heat is the total kinetic energy |
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Term
| air mass formed over northern mexico and affected the southwestern US would be |
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Definition
| continental tropical air mass |
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Term
| warm air masses that affect the gulf are called |
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Definition
| maritime tropical air mass |
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Term
| cold, dry air affecting northern US in the winter |
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Definition
| continental polar air mass |
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Term
| when a rapidly moving air mass catches up with a slow moving air mass |
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Definition
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Term
| when a warm air mass and a cold air mass collide and have a "standoff" the result is |
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Definition
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Term
| thunderstorms form within |
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Definition
| large cumulonimbus clouds |
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Definition
| a stream of electrons through the sky |
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Term
| if doppler radar wave is sent out toward a storm and it returns back w/ shorter waves, then |
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Definition
| the storm is coming towards you |
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Term
| how clear the skies are would have the greatest effect on the ___ index |
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Definition
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Term
| the updraft in a thunderstorm can produce |
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Definition
| hail, tornadoes, charged droplets and lightning, low air pressure |
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Term
| when we see the jet stream converge it is likely that a _____ will form |
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Definition
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| in the USA the jet stream is often at the border of which 2 air masses |
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Definition
| maritime tropical and continental polar |
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Term
| the slower the hurricane, the more likely there will be |
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Definition
| more rain in a given area |
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Term
| saffir-simpson scale is based on |
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Definition
| how fast the wind is blowing in a hurricane |
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Definition
| snowstorm in which visibilty is very poor, it gets really cold, the wind is blowing hard |
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Term
| some hurricane names get removed from the list because |
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Definition
| the storms were so damaging it would be insensitive to use them again |
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| the strongest winds in a hurricane are located |
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Definition
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Definition
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Term
| y is there a storm surge in the eye of a hurricane? |
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Definition
| the air pressure in the eye is very low |
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Term
| the shallower the shelf the ____ the storm surge |
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Definition
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| there are ___ hurricanes during El Niño years |
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Definition
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| why dont hurricanes form close to the equator? |
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Definition
| lack of sufficient coriolis effect |
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Term
| hurricanes' role in nature: |
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Definition
| to tranfer heat in the ocean to colder places up north |
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Term
| low pressure systems in tthe USA spin |
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Definition
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Term
| giant thunderstorms w/ very strong updrafts are called |
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Definition
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Term
| if an updraft in a thunderstorm start rotating it can form a |
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Definition
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Term
| why is water the fuel of a hurricane? |
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Definition
| when the warm water vapor rises it cools and condenses, it releases heat, and heat powers the hurricane |
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Term
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Definition
| when water droplets bounce around within a cloud, the bigger ones take away the negative charges from the smaller ones, the bigger negatively charged ones settle towards the bottom of the cloud, then they begin to attract the positive charges from thew gound/in another cloud/in the cloud itself. this creates a discharge of electricity that we calll electricty. |
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Term
| why does convection occur |
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Definition
| the colder water/air is more dense so it sinks to the bottom and the less dense water/air which is warmer rises |
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Term
| where is insolation greatest? |
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Definition
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Term
| 2 human activities that cause concentration of CO2 in atmosphere |
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Definition
| burning fossil fuels, deforestation |
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Term
| what does the ozone layer do to help us |
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Definition
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| only method of heat transfer thru outer space |
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Definition
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| a ____ night should cool off more |
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Definition
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| earth is divided into 24 ______ each 15 degrees wide |
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Definition
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| the apparant shift in the position of nearby stars when compared to distant stars it called |
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| which layer of earth lies between the crust and outer core |
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Definition
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| the earth is tilted on a ____ degree axis |
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Definition
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| hypothesis that explains how the earth was formed from a spinning cloud |
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Definition
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| where is the earth hottest? |
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| 0 degree longitude line that runs thru Greenwich england |
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| element in the earths core that is most reponsible for magnetic field |
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Definition
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| powerful reaction= join together and release energy |
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Definition
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| 2 or more atoms linked together by covalent bonds |
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Definition
| elements to the right of the zigzag line on the periodic table |
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Definition
| a mineral property describing the appearance of light reflected from it |
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Definition
| a positively charged subatomic particle |
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Definition
| atoms of an element that have different masses |
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Definition
| a natural, inorganic solid with a crystal structure |
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Definition
| 2 or more different elements bonded |
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Definition
| the effect of gravity on a mass |
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Definition
| bond where atoms share electrons |
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Definition
| when a mineral reflects light in a rainbow-like manner |
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Definition
| how we classify the hardness of a mineral |
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Definition
| a mineral splitting along a plane of it's crystal structure |
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Definition
| when a mineral emits light while being exposed to radiation |
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Term
| which subatomic particle determines the behavior of an atom |
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Definition
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Term
| why is the mass listed in decimal value? |
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Definition
| because it is an average of all of the element's isotopes |
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Term
| all matter must have _____ and ______ |
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Definition
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Term
| which 2 subatomic particles are in the nucleus |
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Definition
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| which is lighter, dry or humid air? |
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Definition
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| isobars are lines of _______ on a map |
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Definition
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| hurricanes in the northern hemisphere tend to spin |
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Definition
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Definition
| thunderstorms and winds that precede a front |
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Definition
| measure the intensity of hurricanes |
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Definition
| a huge low pressure storm that spins counterclockwise in the north |
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Definition
| a violently rotating wind that is the product of a supercell |
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Definition
| often include thunder, lightning, rain, hail |
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Definition
| enormous thunderstorms with very strong updrafts and winds |
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