Term
| Who were some of the first people to observe stars and planets scientifically? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| anything outside of earth's atmosphere, like a star, moon, planet, etc. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What are the two factors that determine what stars you can see at any given time? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Define: geocentric model (hint: "geo" means earth) |
|
Definition
| Everything in the universe orbited the earth. |
|
|
Term
| Who suggested the geocentric model? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Define: heliocentric model (hint: "helio" means sun) |
|
Definition
| Everything in the solar system orbits the sun |
|
|
Term
| Who used stars as guides? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What are two alternate names for the Big Dipper? |
|
Definition
| Ursa Major; the Great Bear |
|
|
Term
| What is the difference between astrology and astronomy? |
|
Definition
| astrology is trying to tell the future using celestial bodies; astronomy is the science of studying the celestial bodies themselves. |
|
|
Term
| What is retrograde motion? |
|
Definition
| When planets appear to go in the opposite direction of thier orbits for a while, and then get back on track. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| the distance from the earth to the sun (149599 km) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| an orbiting mass of ice and dust |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| an orbiting mass of ice and dust |
|
|
Term
| How many earths would fit inside the sun? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What are four elements inside the sun? |
|
Definition
| Hydrogen, Carbon, Nitrogen, Helium |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What are three factors that affect luminosity? |
|
Definition
| proximity (how close it is to us); size; and the amount of energy it's giving off. |
|
|
Term
| What is the star closest to earth? |
|
Definition
| Proxima Centauri (proximity means closeness) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| The force of attraction between two or more objects with mass |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| squishing two or more atoms together to make a new atom--a new element |
|
|
Term
| What is the formula for the amount of energy given off by an atom during fusion? |
|
Definition
| E=mc^2 (energy= matter x the speed of light, squared) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| 0.05-0.5 the mass of the sun--called red dwarfs |
|
|
Term
| What is the temperature range of stars? |
|
Definition
| Can be as cool as 3,000 degrees Centigrade to as hot as 35,000 degrees Centigrade |
|
|
Term
| What is the composition of a star? |
|
Definition
| which elements are present in the star |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| in a nebulea, where material condenses to make shiny new stars |
|
|
Term
| what determines the lifespan of a star? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the speed of light? |
|
Definition
| about 300,000 kilometers per second. If anyone wants to know the precise speed of light, remember the phrase "We guarantee certainty, clearly referring to this light mnemonic". The number of letters in each word will give you 299,792,458, the exact speed of light in meters per second. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| When, if you look at an object from two different points, it appears to move in relation to its background. (to see this, hold up a finger and close one eye and then the other.) |
|
|
Term
| What is the name of our galaxy? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| How many stars are in our galaxy? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| How close is the nearest galaxy? |
|
Definition
| 2.5 million light years away (or you can say it is worth $2.50) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| the further an object gets away from you, the redder it looks (because it has less energy, which equals redder light) |
|
|
Term
| is the universe shrinking or expanding? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Who was Georges Lemaitre? |
|
Definition
| proposed the Big Bang theory |
|
|
Term
| What is the Big Bang theory? |
|
Definition
| the theory that all matter in the universe started out as a tiny, infinitely dense dot and expanded outward |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| HUGE bursts of light extremely far away; we may be seeing galaxies colliding at the beginning of the universe. |
|
|
Term
| What are gamma ray bursts? |
|
Definition
| huge amounts of gamma rays, with unknown origin. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| when an object is both attracted to another, more massive object by gravity, and pushed away from the object by its own inertia from its starting energy. Simply, and orbit is falling toward the ground forever and missing. |
|
|
Term
| define: the greenhouse effect |
|
Definition
| heat being caught in the earth's atmosphere, making the earth hotter |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| the magnetic field surrounding the planet; it is invisible and repels magneticaly charged particles from the sun. |
|
|
Term
| The surface of which planet is 60% craters? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What gas is most commonly found in Venus' atmosphere? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| which planet has the highest average surface temperature? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| most planets in our solar sysetem rotate west to east; which is the only planet that rotates from east to west? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Which is the closest planet to our sun? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| the moon of which planet barely has an atmosphere? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| which planet is 2.5 times the size of all the other planets, combined? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Which planet has a rocky core twice the size of the Earth? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What makes Mars reddish-orange in color? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Which planet has polar ice caps, valleys, volcanos, canyons, and crators? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Which planet has an atmosphere much like Venus', but thinner? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What are the rings of Saturn made up of? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What planet is colder than Jupiter but has a similar structure? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Which planet has a giant red spot? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Which planet has a giant dark spot? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Which planets have atmospheres that are 85% hydrogen? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| How many moons does Neptune have? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Which planet rotates on an axis that is tilted 90 degrees (in other words, sideways compared to the other planets)? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| The moon of which planet has the coldest recorded tempereture in the solar system? |
|
Definition
|
|
