Term
| What causes ocean floors to spread? |
|
Definition
| The upward movement of magma causes tension, or a stretch or push, on the plates. This push moves the ocean floor apart and separates the plates. |
|
|
Term
| How are Mountains formed? Types |
|
Definition
Folded Mountains are mostly made up rocky layers that are folded together. These mountains are formed from the pushing together of the crust.
Fault-Block Mountains are made by huge tilted blocks of rock separated from the surrounding rock by faults. These mountains are formed when plates push against each other, the rock breaks and forms faults. |
|
|
Term
| How are Earthquakes formed? |
|
Definition
| Earthquakes are formed when layers of rock that are stuck together suddenly slip. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| When lava comes of the vent, it is liquid. Lava forms a solid layer of rocks as it hardens. Over thousands of years, layers of lava may increase the height of a volcano and form a volcanic mountain |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| When an earthquake occurs underneath the ocean, a wave of water is pushed upward and outside in all direction. The water rushes across the ocean at speeds from 500 to 1000 kilometers per hour. This wave carries tremendous amounts of energy. Out at sea, the energy is spread through deep waters, so the wave is not very tall. As the wave reaches shallow water near shore, the same amount of energy is spread through much less water and the the height of the waves increases. |
|
|
Term
| How does Convergent boundaries work? |
|
Definition
| Locations where the plates collide are convergent boundaries. The force of this collision, called compression, squeezes the rock. If both colliding plates include continents, the pressure lifts and crumbles the plates, forming mountains |
|
|
Term
| How does Divergent Boundaries work? |
|
Definition
| Location where plates move apart are called divergent boundaries. Sea floor spreading occurs at divergent boundaries and land. |
|
|
Term
| Types (3) of Faults and how they work. |
|
Definition
Strike-Slip Fault is produced due to shearing and often occurs at transform boundaries. As the plates slide past each other without moving up or down, slabs of rock move past each other in different directions. The San Andreas Fault is an example of a strike slip fault
Normal Fault is produced due to tension and often occurs at divergent boundaries. As the plates pull apart, rock above the fault surface moves down, The Sierra Nevada in California were formed at a normal fault.
Reverse Fault is produced due to compression and often occurs at convergent boundaries. As the plates push together rock above the fault surfaces move upward. |
|
|
Term
| What are the difference between LAVA and MAGMA? |
|
Definition
Lava is magma that reaches the surface of our planet through a volcano
Magma is composed of molten rock stored in the earth's crust. |
|
|
Term
| Pictures of faults, mountains, earthquakes. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| The place where the slipping begins is called the earthquake focus |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| The waves spread out from a point directly above the focus. This point is int the earthquakes epicenter. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| A person who specializes in geological research and study. A scientist who examines rocks to find out about the Earth's history and structure. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Forces causes different kinds of fault. Shearing forms in strike-slip faults. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Locations where the plates collide are convergent boundaries. The force of this collision, called compression |
|
|
Term
| Evidence of Continental Drift |
|
Definition
| One piece of evidence was that the mountains on the east coast of South America had the same types of rocks as the mountains on the west coast of Africa. These rocks were the same age. Plants and animal fossils provide additional evidence. |
|
|
Term
| Protection from an Earthquake |
|
Definition
| People should secure objects that might fall. People identify safe spots to use as shelter during an earthquake such as under a sturdy table or kitchen counter. |
|
|
Term
| How is the Earth Changing? |
|
Definition
| New lands forms when plates interact as a result of volcanic eruptions. The surface of Earth is not alone in changing ; life on its surface changes too. New species are being discovered ever year. In 1977 scientist studying the sea discovers a previously unknown kind of life - tube worms, which live on the ocean floor near hot geothermal vents. Since then scientists have discovered numerous types of organisms living off the minerals emitted by these vents. |
|
|
