Term
| a world to small to see( how small can the human eye see) |
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Definition
| The blank human eye can only see up to 0.1 mm |
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Term
| what did Anton van leeuwenhoek create and what did he look at? |
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Definition
| Anton van leeuwenhoek was the first person to make a microscope, he looked and blood, pond water and stuff from his teeth. He was the first to observe a single celled organisms |
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Term
| What year did german botanist matt hains schlseiden and zoologist schwann dicfover living things are composed of one or more cells. |
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Definition
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Term
| why unicellular organisms are not simple |
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Definition
| Unicellular is a lot more complex because of a bunches of organisms working together but in a unicellular there is only one organism doing all the work making it more complex |
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Term
[image]
what does each letter do ? |
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Definition
ORGANELLE
FUNCTION
A:Cell Membrane
It's like the skin covering your body it surrounds and protects what's inside the cell membrane and also controls the movement of the substance inside
B:Cytoplasm
Is the support group of the cell it delivers the oxygen and food to other places it also moves around through the cell.It’s also a Jellylike material
C:Nucleus
The nucleus is the control center of the cell it mages the way it moves how it reproduces and has all of the genetic makeup of the cell
D:Vancoles
The Vancoles are surrounded by a membrane and the propuss of this is to store extra food and waste that the cell can not use at the moment |
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Term
[image]
what does each letter do? |
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Definition
A:Cell Membrane
It's like the skin covering your body it surrounds and protects what's inside the cell membrane and also controls the movement of the substance inside
B:Cytoplasm
Is the support group of the cell it delivers the oxygen and food to other places it also moves around through the cell.It’s also a Jellylike material
C:Nucleus
The nucleus is the control center of the cell it mages the way it moves how it reproduces and has all of the genetic makeup of the cell
D:Vancoles
The Vancoles are surrounded by a membrane and the propuss of this is to store extra food and waste that the cell can not use at the moment
E:Cell Wall
The cell wall provides support for the cell they are mostly made up of a material called
Cellulose.
F:Chloroplasts
Are only found in plant cells are they create the process of photosynthesis |
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Term
| what is the diffricnt from a plant cell to an animal cell? |
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Definition
| The difference i from the plant cell to the animal cell is that the animal cell has to eat a lot more because the plant cell can store a lot of food in its cell walls |
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Term
| why do cells not grow very large ? |
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Definition
| Cells do not grow very large because they need a lot of food water and oxygen and they also produce a bunch of waste. Also the cell walls are very thick so it takes a long time for the food to actually go through the individual cell. |
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Term
| what is a selectively permeable membrane |
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Definition
| is a membrane that only lets selected materials pass through it |
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Term
| what is a permeable membrane |
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Definition
| Is when every thing passis through it |
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Term
| what is a Impermeable membrane |
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Definition
| Lets nothing pass through it |
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Term
| what is diffusion , give an example |
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Definition
| Diffusion is to spread out over a large mass. So like if you put a ink droplet in water it would slowly spread out through the water. |
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Term
| what is diffusion in cells |
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Definition
: diffusion in a cell is when a cell sees a very small opening and goes in between the other cells.Or another way to word it is like if a body of water was being replaced by fish. Fish are swimming in between the water molecules
the spreading of something more widely |
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Term
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Definition
| Osmosis is for particles to pass through a semipermeable membrane and they equal out on both sides 70% of a cell is made of water and most cells will die quickly without water. The water particles contain dissolved substances, like o2 and food. Osmosis is when there is a selectively permeable membrane that water diffuses through |
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Term
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Definition
| Xylem tissues are tissues that transfer the liquid and minerals absorbed by the plants routes throughout the plan |
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Term
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Definition
| The phloem tissue move the sugars that were created through photosynthesis to the rest of the plants |
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Term
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Definition
| long branched fibres going of from the main part of the cell. Carries nerve signals to the body |
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Term
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Definition
| disklike, carries oxygen in the bloodstream |
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Term
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Definition
| flat and closely fit together to form a thick protective layer |
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Term
| What are disadvantages to be a unicellular organism ( there is 7) |
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Definition
1. Unicellular organisms cannot grow very large.
2. Can only live in watery, food-rich surroundings
3. Unicellular organisms cannot work as efficiently as multicellular organisms.
4. Unicellular organisms cannot obtain energy from a wide variety of food.
5. One cell has to do all the work.
6. Less functions.
7. Have shorter lifespan. |
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Term
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Definition
| a group of cells having the same structure and funtion |
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Term
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Definition
| a group of tissues that work together to perform a specific function |
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Term
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Definition
| a collection of parts that work together in such a way that a change in one part can result in a change in another part |
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Term
| List two systems in our body |
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Definition
| irculatory, respiratory, digestive, excretory, nervous, endocrine, immune, integumentary, skeletal, muscle and reproductive. |
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Term
| abel heart diagram [image] |
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Definition
|
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Term
| label respiratory system diagram [image] |
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Definition
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Term
| abel digestive system diagram[image] |
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Definition
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Term
| What happens when you breathe? |
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Definition
| When you breathe in it fills your lungs with oxygen and when you breathe out you get rid of the carbon dioxide in your body. |
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Term
| What is the purpose of the circulatory system? |
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Definition
| The circulatory system transports food and oxygen throughout your body and circulates blood containing nutrients. |
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Term
| What structures connect arteries and veins? |
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Definition
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Term
| Which vessels transport blood away from the heart and have a thick muscular wall? |
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Definition
| Arteries have thick, muscular walls for carrying blood under pressure away from the heart. |
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Term
| Which vessels transport blood toward the heart and have valves? |
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Definition
| Veins have thinner walls than arteries. Valves inside veins prevent blood from flowing backward. They take the blood back to the heart. |
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Term
| Which part of the heart receives blood from the lungs? |
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Definition
| The left side of the heart receives the oxygen-rich blood from the lungs and pumps it to the body. |
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Term
| Why is the circulatory system important to humans? |
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Definition
| This system circulates blood around the body, delivering food particles, dissolved gases, and other materials to every cell and carrying away cell wastes. It keeps us alive. |
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Term
| Which structures are included in the circulatory system? |
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Definition
| The circulatory system consists of the heart, blood, and blood vessels |
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Term
| Why are capillaries small and thin? |
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Definition
| The function of capillaries is to allow food and oxygen to diffuse to cells while waste is diffused from cells. Capillaries have thin walls - only one cell thick - that allow them to effectively perform their function. |
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Term
| Why does the heart need so many different parts? |
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Definition
| It needs to pump blood all over the body. It has a very important job that needs parts all over our bodies. |
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Term
| List the tubes that help you to breathe and their diameter in the chart below: |
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Definition
trachea 20mm
bronchus 12mm
Alveoli 0.2mm |
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Term
| What are the tiny air sacs at the end of the tubes called? |
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Definition
| The tiny air sacs at the end of the tubes are called alveoli |
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Term
| What are the tiniest tubes in the circulatory system called? |
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Definition
| The smallest blood vessels are the capillaries. |
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Term
| How are these tiny tubes related to the air sacs? |
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Definition
| The tiny tubes are related to the air sacs because each alveolus is surrounded by a web of capillaries. |
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Term
| What is exchanged from the blood in the capillaries and the air in the air sacs? |
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Definition
| Carbon dioxide and oxygen |
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Term
| Name two functions of your blood stream. |
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Definition
| Carries food particles and obtains oxygen that comes from our lungs. |
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Term
| Where does the transfer of food from the digestive system to your circulatory system take place? |
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Definition
| This transfer takes place in the inner lining of the small intestine. |
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Term
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Definition
| Digestion is the process in which food is broken down to become useful to the body. |
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Term
| Name two functions of the digestive system? |
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Definition
| To break down food to use the useful cells and give away the unuseful cells and to help absorption take place. |
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Term
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Definition
| Villi are finger-like projections on the surface on the inner lining of the small intestine. Villi contain multiple networks of capillaries. |
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Term
| Why are there so many villi and air sacs? |
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Definition
| They increase the surface area so absorption of nutrients can happen more efficiently. |
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Term
| What percent of the blood is and what does it do. |
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Definition
| 55% carries nutrients, waste products, hormones, and blood cells |
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Term
| What percent of the blood is red blood cells and what does it do. |
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Definition
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Term
| What percent of the blood is white blood cells and what does it do. |
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Definition
| less than 1% Defend the body against infection and disease which cause blood to clot |
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Term
| What percent of the blood is platelets and what does it do. |
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Definition
| less than 1% Heals wounds to prevent blood loss |
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Term
| What is the blood pressure in relation to the volume of blood |
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Definition
| A person loses a lot of blood from an injury which makes the pressure low |
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Term
| What is the blood pressure in relation to the heart rate |
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Definition
| A fast beating heart pushes blood throughout the body rapidly which makes the pressure high |
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Term
| What is the blood pressure in relation to the artery size |
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Definition
| Large open arteries allow large amounts of blood through which makes the pressure low. Small, partly closed arteries allow smaller amounts of blood through which makes the pressure high |
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Term
| What is the blood pressure in relation to the artery elasticity |
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Definition
| Flexible arteries that can easily expand let more blood pass which makes the pressure low. Hardening and loss of eleasticity makes the pressure high. |
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Term
| What is the blood pressure in relation to the blood viscosity |
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Definition
| (balance between red blood cells and plasma) : Thick blood flows less easily thsn that of thin blood which makes it high pressure and thin low pressure. |
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Term
| What are two things smoking can do to your circulatory system? |
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Definition
| Nicotine causes blood vessels to narrow which increases heart rate and raises blood pressure. Carbon monoxide that enters the lungs compete with oxygen which reduces the blood's ability to carry oxygen to cells. |
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Term
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Definition
| A simple machine that has a bar that rotates around the fixed fulcrum |
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Term
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Definition
the fulcrum is between the effort and the load.
[image] |
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Term
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Definition
the load is between the effort and the fulcrum.
[image] |
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Term
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Definition
the effort is exerted between the fulcrum and the load.
[image] |
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Term
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Definition
force * distance = work
[image] |
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Term
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Definition
Input work: the work you do on a machine
Output work: the work the machine does on the load |
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Term
| Two ways to calculate mechanical advantage |
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Definition
a) Mechanical Advantage(measured in newtons)=
Mechanical Advantage (MA) = Load force (FL) / Effort force (FE)
b) Mechanical Advantage(measured in arm distance)=
Mechanical Advantage (MA) = Effort Arm / Load Arm |
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Term
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Definition
| to design machines for people |
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Term
| Label winch diagram [image] |
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Definition
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Term
| Will the wheel or the axle turn further? |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| a small cylinder and a crank or handle. |
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Term
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Definition
| two turning objects are attached to each other at their centres, and one causes the other to turn |
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Term
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Definition
rotating wheel-like object with teeth
around its rim. |
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Term
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Definition
| A group of two or more gears |
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Term
mutliplying gears
Which gear turns the most number of times?
Does the driven gear move faster or slower?
Does this change the turning direction? |
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Definition
follower
faster
Yes they are turning opposite directions |
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Term
Reducing Gears:
Which gear turns the most number of times?
Does the driven gear move faster or slower?
Does this change the turning direction? |
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Definition
driver
Driven is slower
They are both turning opposite directions |
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Term
Parallel Gears:
Which gear turns the most number of times?
Does the driven gear move faster or slower?
Does this change the turning direction? |
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Definition
they turn the same amount of times
They turn at the same speed
They all turn opposite. |
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Term
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Definition
| toothed wheels that are connected by chain. |
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Term
| MA for sprockets and gears |
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Definition
| Speed Ratio= Number of driver gear teeth / Number of follower gear teeth |
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Term
| Give an example of a MA that would be a force advantage and one that would be a speed advantage. |
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Definition
Force - 1< (more than one)
Speed - 1> (less than one) |
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Term
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Definition
| one made up of several pulleys working together |
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Term
|
Definition
| attached to something that does not move |
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Term
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Definition
| attached to something else, often by a rope that goes around the pulley itself. you can lift and lower the pulley itself by pulling on the rope. Theload may be attached to the centre of the pulley. |
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Term
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Definition
|
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Term
| What is the difference between two gears and two sprockets? |
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Definition
Two gears are in contact.
Toothed wheels are connected using a chain |
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Term
| Give an example of a MA that would be a force advantage and one that would be a speed advantage. |
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Definition
Force - 1< (more than one)
Speed - 1> (less than one) |
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Term
|
Definition
| one made up of several pulleys working together |
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Term
|
Definition
| attached to something that does not move |
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Term
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Definition
| attached to something else, often by a rope that goes around the pulley itself. you can lift and lower the pulley itself by pulling on the rope. The load may be attached to the centre of the pulley. |
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Term
| What is the difference between two gears and two sprockets? |
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Definition
Two gears are in contact.
Toothed wheels are connected using a chain |
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Term
| Depending on where the load is attached on a wheel and axle what is the advantage |
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Definition
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Term
| A class two lever is like a wheel and axle where the load is attached where? |
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Definition
[image]Class 3 -> load attached to the wheel[image] Speed Advantage (Effort force distance is less than load distance this requires more fore but less distance.)
[image] Class 2 -> load attached to axle[image] Force advantage (effort froce distance is more than the load distance which makes the job easier (use less force)) |
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Term
| how to calculate MA of wheel and axle (formula) |
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Definition
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Term
| How to calculate TMA in pulleys |
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Definition
| vnumber of ropes being utilized by the pulley system (fixed first = 1 movable first = 2 movable not first =1) |
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Term
| How to calculate AMA in pulleys |
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Definition
| load force / effort force |
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Term
| Why is AMA less efficient than TMA in pulleys |
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Definition
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Term
|
Definition
|
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Term
|
Definition
|
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Term
| gravitational potential energy |
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Definition
| the force of gravity acting on somehting and giving it kinetic energy. |
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Term
| WHat is effiecientcy and formula to find it |
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Definition
how much of the energy you gave to the machine was transferred to the load by the machine.
Efficiency = Work done by lever on load / Work done on lever by effort force X 100% |
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Term
| Why do machines lose energy every time they do work? |
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Definition
|
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Term
| examples of usefull friction |
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Definition
| holding things, walking, screws, nails, shoe laces. |
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Term
| you ate a sandwich then went for a walk. what type of energy is transformed and what is it transformed into. |
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Definition
| From chemical to mechanical (food to the walk) |
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Term
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Definition
| Pressure = force divided by area |
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Term
| what is force measured in |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| What does Pascal’s law state |
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Definition
| pressure exerted on a contained fluid is transmitted in all directions throughout the fluid |
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Term
| Why should you not use water in a hydrolic system |
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Definition
| Water is not a good lubricant and it can cause the machine to rust, freeze, evaporate. |
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Term
1. You exert a force of 500 N on the small piston in a hydraulic lift. The small piston has an area of 100 cm2
2. The area of the large piston is 2500cm2, how many newtons of force will the large piston exert? |
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Definition
5 pascals FORCE / AREA = PRESSURE
2500 / 100 = 25
25 x 500 = 12500 LARGE AREA / SMALL AREA 25x LARGER MULTIPLY BY FORCE |
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Term
| what is the unit for pressure |
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Definition
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Term
| Calculate the MA of the following hydraulic lift. You exert a force of 500 N and you cause the large piston to exert a force of 5000 N on the load. What is the MA of the hydraulic lift? |
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Definition
| 5000 / 500 = 10 FORCE ADVANTAGE |
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Term
| What combination of units is the same asthe pascal? |
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Definition
| newtons per square metres |
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Term
| How do pneumatic systems work? |
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Definition
| the air passes through the pneumatic device under high pressure and then escapes outside the device. |
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Term
| How do hydrolic systems work? |
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Definition
| They use the force of a liquid in a confined space |
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Term
| How does a jackhammer work? |
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Definition
| a pneumatic system that uses bursts of air, under very high pressure, drive a part called a “chuck” in and out of the jackhammer at high speeds pounding the concrete and rock into fragments |
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Term
| Explain why dentists drills make that annoying, high pitched noise |
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Definition
| The high-speed drill that dentists use is a pneumatic instrument that relies on pressurized air. The noise is the presurized air escaping. |
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Term
| What part of your body is a pneumatic system? |
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Definition
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|
Term
| What part of your body is a hydraulic system? |
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Definition
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Term
|
Definition
|
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Term
| How do large machines put the fluid under pressure? |
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Definition
| They create pressure by using valves. They open the valves to push on the piston and close which pushes back the piston to move the machine |
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Term
|
Definition
| Glaciers are formed when snow in relatively flat areas stays there for years and doesn't melt. After there is so much snow. The weight compress it into ice and it because a glacer |
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Term
| What are the different types of glaciers |
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Definition
| valley glacier, continental glacier,Tidewater glaciers,Piedmont glaciers,Hanging glaciers, Cirque glaciers, Ice Aprons, Rock Glaciers,ice caps. |
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Term
|
Definition
| glaciers move by the ice and the season when it is hot it moves a small amout, it is very hard to observe |
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Term
| How do glacier erode or disappear |
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Definition
| Glaciers erode and disappear because of the sun and also global warming is making them melt faster based on the heat we are having |
|
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Term
| how dose climate change efeect glaciers and what will happen to the earth? |
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Definition
| Climate change as a big impact on glaciers because it cause them to melt faster and also that could lead to flooding and major destruction. Also we would be losing all of our fresh water reserves. They would have melted. |
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Term
|
Definition
| is one of the biggest fresh water sources in the world and also sunlight is not abel to reach the bottom of lakes. |
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Term
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Definition
| A pond Is a hole in the ground that has fresh water and sunlight is bale to reach the bottom. |
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Term
| What is important about streams and rivers |
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Definition
| Streams and rivers are both fast flowing water, they are both very rich in oxygen so it attract animals. The also get very deep becasue of the water moving usally in the spring when the water is moving faster, it get very murky. |
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Term
| laybl[image]e the digram , |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| what happens when water dissbaer under ground? |
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Definition
| Most og the precipitation that falss from the sku precolates fown throiught the many pores and creacks. Until it reaches granit. When the water travles through the ground it cleans the water. You could use the under ground water as drinking water. Eventually when there is no space to go. An aquifer is an under ground lakes, streams or rivers. |
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Term
|
Definition
| an area or ridge of land that separates waters flowing to different rivers, basins, or seas. |
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Term
| what substance are dissolved into ocean water |
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Definition
|
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Term
| what are the two types of currtensts, where is the sun and moon. |
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Definition
The moon is responsible for the different types of ties sproing dies are the largest types of tides this is when the earth moon and sun are all lined up creating s very high tides and very low tides
Neap tides are when the sun and moon are at right angles to each other. This is small tidal movements. |
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