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science exam-thursday december 15, 2011
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50
Science
8th Grade
12/14/2011
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Term
Precipitation
 Definition

Water that falls as rain, snow, sleet, or hail is called __________

a.) Evaporation

b.) precipitation

c.) condensation
Term

trench

 

 Definition

A large stream of moving water that flows through the oceans is called a _________

a.) trench

b.) ground water

c.) current
Term
make their own food
 Definition
Plants use water to ________________
Term
Sinking of DENSE, cold water with high SALINITY causes cold, deep currents to form in the oceans near the poles.
 Definition
Sinking of ____A___, cold water with high ____B_______ causes cold, deep currents to form in the oceans near the poles.
Term
Ground Water
 Definition

Water that fills the cracks and spaces in underground soil and rock layers is called ___________ _________.

a.)trench

b.) ground water

c.) current

 
Term
Salinity
 Definition

_______ is a measure of disolved salts in water

a.)sodium clhoride

b.)salinity

c.)ground water
Term
Disolved salts
 Definition
Salinity is the measure of _________  _______ in water.
Term
3%
 Definition
Approximately ___% of eath's water is fresh water.
Term
As you descend through the water column, temperature DECREASES and pressure INCREASES.
 Definition
As you descend through the water column, temperature __________, and pressure __________.
Term
Gulf Stream
 Definition
A large powerful, warm surface current in the Atlantic ocean that effects the climate of land in its path is the __________.
Term
photosynthesis
 Definition
In the process of ___________, plants use water, plus carbon dioxide and energy from the sun, to make their own food.
Term
density
 Definition
Deep currents are caused by differences in the _________ of ocean water.
Term
habitat
 Definition
The ocean provides a _________, or a place to live that provides all the things an organism needs to survive, for many species of fish.
Term
Glaciers
 Definition
Most of earth's fresh water is in the form of __________.
Term
Winds
 Definition
__________ are the main cause of surface currents in the ocean.
Term

Sources of freshwater:

a.) LAKES

b.) RIVERS

c.) ICE

d.) GROUNDWATER.

 Definition
Sources of freshwater include ______, ________, _____, and __________.
Term
Sublimination
 Definition
_____________ is the process by which solid ice can change directly into water vapor.
Term
Sodium Chloride
 Definition
The most abundant salt in the ocean water is ________ _______.
Term
El nino, a climate event...unusual wind pattern in the western pacific ocean causes a warm current to move toward the South America coast. This warm water prevents deep, cold water from reaching the surface. El nino can cause major shifts in the weather patterns. It can cause unusually warm winters in North east US and it causes heavy rains and flooding on the West Coast.
 Definition
What causes an El Nino and how can it affect weather patterns over the ocean and nearby land.
Term

a) SUBLIMINATION- THE PROCESS BY WHICH SOLID ICE CAN CHANGE DIRECTLY INTO WATER VAPOR.

 

b.) RUNOFF-

 

c.) EVAPORATION

 Definition
Decribe three things that can happen to water when it falls on Earth's surface:
Term
B/C THERE IS MORE WATER THAN LAND ON THE PLANET'S SURFACE. HOWEVER, MORE THAN  97% OF EARTH'S WATER IS SALT WATER FOUND IN THE OCEAN.
 Definition
EXPLAIN WHY THE EARTH IS CALLED THE ''WATER PLANET''
Term
1
 Definition
__% OF OUR ATMOSPHERE IS MADE UP OF GASES OTHER THAN OXYGEN AND NITROGEN
Term
GLOBAL
 Definition
_________ WIND PATTERNS DESCRIBES AN EXAMPLE OF THE ATMOSPHERE ACTING AS A SYSTEM.
Term
LESS
 Definition

THE LESS MASS IN A GIVEN VOLUME OF AIR, THE _______ DENSE THE AIR IS

 

A.) MORE

B.) LESS

 
Term
BAROMETER
 Definition
A __________ : AN INSTRUMENT USED  TO MEASURE AIR PRESSURE
Term
DECREASES
 Definition

*** AS YOU RISE UPWARDS IN THE ATMOSPHERE, AIR PRESSURE __________.

A.) INCRESES

B.) DECREASES
Term
TROPOSPHERE
 Definition
THE LAYER IN THE ATMOSPHERE IN WHICH WEATHER OCCURS.
Term
GREEN HOUSE EFFECT
 Definition
THE PROCESS BY WHICH GASES HOLD HEAT IN THE ATMOSPHERE IS CALLED THE ______________________
Term
COOL  AIR TENDS TO BE MORE DENSE  AND FLOW UNDER WARM  AIR.
 Definition
COOL AIR TENDS TO BE MORE ________ AND FLOW UNDER _______ AIR.
Term
SMALL
 Definition
LOCAL WINDS DIFFER FROM GLOBAL WINDS BECAUSE THEY ARE CAUSED BY UNEQUAL HEATING WITHIN A ______ AREA.
Term
CORIOLIS EFFECT
 Definition
EARTH'S ROTATION MAKES GLOBAL WINDS CURVE. THIS IS CALLED THE ________ ________.
Term
TEMPERATURE
 Definition
SCIENTISTS DIVIDE EARTH'S ATMOSPHERE INTO FOUR MAIN LAYERS, CLASSIFIED ACCORDING TO CHANGES IN ____________.
Term
THERMOMETER
 Definition
AN INSTRUMENT CALLED A ___________ IS USED TO MEASURE HOW HOT OR COLD THE AIR IS.
Term
ULTRA VIOLET
 Definition
ENERGY FROM THE SUN THAT REACHES EARTH IS MOSTLY IN THE FORM OF VISIBLE LIGHT, INFARED RADIATION, AND __________ _________ RADIATION.
Term
AIR PRESSURE
 Definition
UNEVEN HEATING OF THE ATMOSPHERE LEADS TO DIFFERENCES IN _____ __________, WHICH CAUSES WIND.
Term
DRY AIR IS 78% NITROGEN AND 21% OXYGEN AND 1% OF OTHER GASES.
 Definition
DRY AIR IS ______% NITROGEN AND ______% OXYGEN AND _______% OF OTHER GASES.
Term
INFARED  RADIATION
 Definition
WHEN HEATED, EARTH'S SURFACE RADIATES SOME OF THE ENERGY BACK TO THE ATMOSPHERE AS __________  __________.
Term
CONDUCTION
 Definition
WHEN YOU TOUCH A HOT SPOON, HEAT IS TRANSFERRED BY ___________ FROM THE SPOON TO YOUR HAND.
Term

A.) CONDUCTION- BETWEEN 2 SUBSTANCES THAT ARE IN DIRECT CONTACT WITH ONE ANOTHER..

EXAMPLE: POT ON A STOVE

 

B.) CONVECTION- TRANSFERS BY LIQUID OR GAS

 

C.) RADIATION- DIRECT TRANSFER BY THE ELECTROMAGNETIC WAVES

 Definition
NAME AND CONTRAST WAYS IN WHICH HEAT IS TRANFERRED:
Term
ABSENCE OF AIR PRESSURE- AIR PRESSURE DECREASES; OXYGEN MOLECULES ARE SPREAD FAR APART
 Definition
EXPLAIN WHY MILITARY AIRCRAFT PILOTS MUST WEAR MASKS THAT PROVIDE OXYGEN WHEN THEY FLY AT HIGH ALTITUDES
Term

TROPOSHPERE

 

STRATOSPHERE

 

MESOPHERE

 

THERMOSPHERE:

  • IONOSPERE
  • EXOSPHERE
 Definition
WAHT ARE THE NAME OF THE 6 LAYERS OF THE ATMOSPHERE?
Term
STRATOSPHERE; 2ND LAYER...THE OZONE LAYERS PROTECT US FROM ULTRA VIOLET RADIATION- THIS PART OF THE STRATOSPHERE IS WARM B/C IT IS ABSORBING THE RADIATION, OTHERWISE TEMPERATURE DECREASES AS ALTITUDE INCREASES
 Definition
GIVE THE NUMBER AND NAME OF THE LAYER THAT CONTAINS THE OZONE LAYER AND WHAT DOES THE OZONE LAYER DO?
Term

TEMPERATURE: -90 DEGREES CELSIUS

VERY VERY COLD, THEREFORE THE METEOROIDS BURN UP.

 Definition
DESCRIBE CHARACTERISTICS OF THE MESOSPHERE AND ITS ROLE IN PROTECTING EARTH FROM METEORIODS.
Term
SEA BREEZE: DURING THE DAY, THE LAND WARMS UP FASTER THAN THE WATER. THE AIR OVER THE WATER. THIS WARM AIR IN DENSE SO IT RISES, CREATING A LOW-PRESSURE AREA.
 Definition
SEA BREEZE: DURING THE _____, THE ______ WARMS UP FASTER THAN THE WATER. THE AIR OVER THE______. THIS WARM AIR IN _______ SO IT _______, CREATING A ____________ AREA.
Term

LAND BREEZE:

AIR FLOWS FROM THE LAND TO THE WATER, B/C  AT NIGHT, THE LAND COOLS FASTER THAN THE WATER. THEREFORE, THE AIR OVER THE LAND BECOMES COOLOER THAN THE AIR OVER THE WATER

 Definition

LAND BREEZE:

AIR FLOWS FROM THE ______ TO THE ______, B/C AT ______, THE LAND COOLS FASTER THAN THE WATER. THEREFORE, ___________________________________________________
Term

a.) conduction

 

 Definition

 _________- BETWEEN 2 SUBSTANCES THAT ARE IN DIRECT CONTACT WITH ONE ANOTHER..

EXAMPLE: POT ON A STOVE

 

a.) conduction

b.) convection

c.)radiation
Term
b.)convection
 Definition

___________- TRANSFERS BY LIQUID OR GAS

a.) conduction

b.) convection

c.)radiation
Term
c.) radiation
 Definition

______________- DIRECT TRANSFER BY THE ELECTROMAGNETIC WAVES

a.) conduction

b.)convection

c.)radiation
Term

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