Term
| What are the steps of the scientific method? |
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Definition
| State problem, Gather info, form hypothesis, perform experiment, analyze data, draw conclusions (find out whether your hypothesis is supported or not, then repeat the experiment or share result if the hypothesis is supported, if not then revise the hypothesis) |
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Term
| how can you get HIV/AIDS? |
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Definition
1. haveing unprotected sex with an HIV/AIDS infected person
2. sharing needles with a HIV/AIDS infected person
3. an HIV/AIDS infected mother can pass it on to her unborn baby
4. direct transfer of body fluid |
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Term
| what happens when you get infected with HIV/AIDS? |
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Definition
1. your immune system shuts down.
2. all viruses you once had come back and the body can not fight them off |
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Term
| if you have HIV/AIDS what do you die of? |
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Definition
| the viruses your body cannot fight off |
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Term
| who invented the first microscope? |
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Definition
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Term
| who discovered cells and what was he/she looking at? |
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Definition
a. Hooke
b. he was looking at cork and he thought the sells looked like jail cells |
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Term
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Definition
1. all cells come from other cells
2. all living things are made up of one or more cells
3. the cell is the most basic unit of organization in living things. |
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Term
| what is the difference between prokaryotic & eukaryotic cells? |
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Definition
prokaryotic cells have no membrane-boundstructure, are in bacteria, and evolved first (remember PRO for before)
and eukaryotic cells have a membrane-bound structure, are in plants & animals, and evolved last |
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Term
| name all the cell parts and what they do |
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Definition
•Cell wall (plants only)- protect the cell and form structure
•Cell membrane- protective layer around all cells, regulates what enters/exits the cell
•Cytoplasm- gelatin-like material filling cell, holds organelles in place
•Nucleus- controls all cellular actions, contains DNA
•Chloroplasts (plants)- where photosynthesis takes place
•Mitochondria- where sugar is broken down and respiration takes place
•Ribosome- where proteins are made
•ER- folded membrane that carries messages. smooth- no ribosomes. rough-ribosomes.
•Golgi bodies- sort proteins
•Vesicles- deliver cellular substances
•Vacuole- stores water
•Lysosome- digests dead cell parts |
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Term
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Definition
| the group in an experiment that is the standard or that nothing happens to. |
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Term
| what is an experimental group? |
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Definition
| the group that the will have something done to it to prove a point. |
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Term
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Definition
| something in an experiment that can change |
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Term
| how many variables should there be and why? |
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Definition
a. 1 variable
b. because if there was more than one we wouldn't know which one was affecteng the experimental group. |
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Term
| what are the 5 characteristics of life? |
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Definition
1. organized, made up of cells
2. reproduce
3. use energy
4.grow & develop
5. respond to stimuli |
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Term
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Definition
| shelter & raw materials ( air, water, food, etc.) |
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Term
| what is spontaneous generation and why did people think this? |
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Definition
a. the idea that living things come from nonliving things.
b. flies from meat, worms from rain, fish from mud |
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Term
explain Redi, Spallanzani, and
Needham's experiments. |
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Definition
redi- Redi put decaying meat in some jars, then covered half of them. When fly maggots appeared only on the uncovered meat, Redi concluded that they had hatched from fly eggs and had not come from the meat.
John Needham heated broth in sealed flasks. When the broth became cloudy with microorganisms, he mistakenly concluded that they developed spontaneously from the broth.
Lazzaro Spallanzani broiled broth in sealed flasks for a longer time than Needham did. Only the ones he opened became cloudy with contamination. |
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Term
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Definition
| all things come from living things, THIS HAS BEEN PROVEN |
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Term
| how are viruses living AND nonliving |
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Definition
living- infect living things, reproduce, has hereditary material (DNA/RNA)
nonliving- not cells/organized, doesn't respond to stimuli, doesn't eat, doesn't grow, needs a host to reproduce |
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Term
| how does a cell reproduce? |
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Definition
1. attach tail fibers to cell
2. injects hereditary material into cell
3. takesover the cell by making copies of its self
4. releases new viruses from cell and kills cell |
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Term
| what are the parts of a bacteriophage? |
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Definition
| capsid, hereditary material, tail, tail fibers |
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Term
| order from smallest to biggest the things in the body. |
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Definition
| cell-> tissue-> organ-> organism |
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Term
| tell about the bacteria cell |
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Definition
1. divide every 30 min.
2. prokaryotic
3. have a cell wall
4.have a flagellum |
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Term
| explain the surface area to volume ratio thing. |
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Definition
| As the ratio of the cell size grows, the surface area grows as well. If it gets too large, the cell can’t live because its surface area is too large for anything to enter it. |
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Term
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Definition
Permeable- being able to pass through the cell membrane
Selectively permeable- allowing only some things to pass through the cell membrane
Impermeable- allowing nothing to pass through the cell membrane |
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Term
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Definition
| Diffusion- the movement of molecules from high concentration to low concentration |
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Term
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Definition
| Active transport- the movement of molecules from a low concentration to a high concentration (proteins in the cell membrane) |
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Term
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Definition
| Passive transport- the movement of molecules from a high concentration to a low concentration (lipids of the cell membrane) |
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Term
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Definition
| when everything is distributed equally |
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Term
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Definition
| the diffusion of water through the cell membrane |
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Term
| STUDY THE CHART FOR PHOTOSYNTHESIS, RESPIRATION, AND FERMENTATION ON YOUR OWN!!!! NOW FOR 6 MINUTES!!! NOWWWWWW, DO ITTTT! YOU KNOW YOU WANT TOOOOOOOO!!!!! DO ITTTT |
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Definition
| DO IT PERSON!! U NEED TO OR YOU WILL FAIL!!! WHY DID YOU EVEN LOOK ON THE BACK OF THIS CARD!!!! YOUR SHOULD BE STUDYING THAT CHART, NOWWWWWW! |
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Term
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Definition
| the process of division in which a cell divides to form 2 cells identical to the parent cell. |
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Term
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Definition
| process of all cell division that takes place in reproduction organs to form sex cells |
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Term
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Definition
| living things reproduce with only 1 parent |
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Term
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Definition
| living things reproduce with 2 parents |
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Term
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Definition
| the product of when a sperm and egg meet (awkward silence) |
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Term
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Definition
| when cells have pairs of similar chromosomes |
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Term
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Definition
| sex cells that do not have pairs of chromosomes |
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Term
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Definition
| study of the interactions that occur among all organisms and their environment |
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Term
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Definition
| the livable parts of the Earth |
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Term
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Definition
| populations of all species living in an ecosystem |
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Term
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Definition
| group of all of the same organisms living in one area |
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Term
| arithmetic growth and exponential growth |
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Definition
| STUDY THE GRAPHS YOU HAVE!! NOWWWWWWWWWW |
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Term
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Definition
| an estimate of how many of 1 species an ecosystem could support without limiting factors |
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Term
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Definition
| the number of organisms an ecosystem can support including limiting factors |
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Term
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Definition
•Not enough food, water, or shelter
•Weather
•disease
•Predators |
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Term
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Definition
| the fight for what an organism needs |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| how the organism survives in it’s habitat |
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Term
| Predator/Prey relationship |
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Definition
| there is ALWAYS more prey than predator |
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Term
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Definition
| the relationship between 2 different species |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| 1 benefits, other not affected |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
non living part of environment
•Water
•Air
•Soil
•Sunlight
•Temperature
•Elevation
•Climate
•Wind |
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Term
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Definition
| eat producers and other consumers |
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Term
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Definition
| create their own food through photosynthesis |
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Term
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Definition
| condensation, precipitation, transpiration, evaporation |
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Term
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Definition
| The transfer of nitrogen from the atmosphere to organisms and to the soil and back again |
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Term
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Definition
| how carbon transfers from the living to the nonliving world |
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Term
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Definition
Higher at the bottom, lowest at the top
Loss of 10% energy each time you go up a level |
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Term
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Definition
|
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Term
|
Definition
| • salt and fresh water mix |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
|
Definition
| the distribution of plant species into zones in response to some habitat condition such as salinity or moisture |
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Term
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Definition
| pollution from a definable place |
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Term
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Definition
| organisms using the sun’s energy and inorganic nutrients to synthesize organic compounds |
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Term
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Definition
|
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Term
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Definition
| streams and rivers that supply larger bodies of water |
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Term
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Definition
| the measurement of water cloudiness |
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Term
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Definition
| area if land that feeds into a body of water |
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Term
| what states does the chesapeake bay watershed go through? |
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Definition
| new york, new jersey, delaware, virginia, west virginia, maryland |
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Term
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Definition
|
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Term
| in the lab, when the rain hits the land, which material went fastest? |
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Definition
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Term
| which one gets more water out? |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| what might limit a population from increasing in its habitat? |
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Definition
| weather, predators, disease |
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Term
| what is the human growth curve an example of? |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| example of mutualism and why it is mutualism |
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Definition
| african bird and an elephant, bird eats parasites so it gets fed and elephant is protected. |
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Term
| example of commensalism and why it is commensalism |
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Definition
| clownfish and sea anemone, clown fish gets shelter and sea anemone doesnt care |
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Term
| example of parasitism and why it is parasitism |
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Definition
| dogs and their worms, worms benefit from dog while dog slowly dies |
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Term
| predator/prey relationship |
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Definition
| predators eat many different prey |
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Term
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Definition
| water droplets from leaves go into clouds as gas |
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Term
| what is the surface area to volume ratio for a cell |
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Definition
| high surface area to volume ratio |
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