Term
|
Definition
| A magnifying device that allows the observation of objects and structures too small to view with the naked eye. |
|
|
Term
Compound Microscope
Chapter 8 |
|
Definition
| A magnifying device that combines the magnifying power of both an objective lens and an eyepiece lens; passes light through the object and into the lens to deliver the image right side up. |
|
|
Term
Electron Microscope
Chapter 8 |
|
Definition
| A magnifying device that uses a beam of electrons(rather than light) to create an image more than 600 000 times original size; includes both transmission and scanning electron microscopes. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| A single, hand-held magnifying glass. |
|
|
Term
Dissecting Scope
Chapter 8 |
|
Definition
| A magnifying device similar to a compound microscope but that has an eyepiece for each eye and illuminates the surface of an object rather than passing light through it. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| The smallest unit of life; the building block of all living organisms. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Any part of a cell that carries out a specific function or role. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| The class of objects in which life processes are found. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Objects in which life processes are not found. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| A structure made up of cells combined to perform a specific task or function. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Two or more tissues combined and working together to perform a specialized role. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Any group of organs working together to perform a specialized role. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| An explanation of something that has been supported by repeated experimental results. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Any living thing that carries out all of the seven activities necessary to survive. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| The seven activities carried out by cells and organ systems. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| The organelle found in both plant and animal cells that serves as the "brain" or control centre; contains the DNA, directs overall functioning, and controls the manufacture of materials within the cell. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| The jelly-like organelle within plant cells that holds other organelles in place around the nucleus. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| The organelle within cells that uses oxygen and changes digested food into energy; the "powerhouse" of the cell. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| The sack-like organelle within cells that stores water, food, or waste. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| (Endoplasmic reticulum) The organelle within cells that transports materials around and and out of the cell. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| The semi-permeable cell organelle that separates the inner parts of the cell from the surrounding environment. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| The non-living organelle within plant cells that protects and strengthens the cell. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| The organelle within plant cells that contains chlorophyll pigment; gives plants their color and provides a large surface area for the collection of sunlight for photosynthesis. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
-same as Life processes
The seven activities carried out by cells and organ systems. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| State of inactivity of dormancy during which body processes slow due to extremely hot or dry conditions. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| A period of significantly reduced metabolic activity(just high enough to maintain life) to avoid harsh winter conditions. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Designed for a specific function. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| The process by which chloroplasts in plant cells convert sunlight, water, and carbon dioxide into glucose and oxygen. |
|
|
Term
Cellular Respiration
Chapter 9 |
|
Definition
| The chemical change that converts food into energy within a cell. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| A sugar(food) produced during photosynthesis. |
|
|
Term
Digestive System
Chapter 9 |
|
Definition
| The system of organs that converts food into energy the body can use. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| The part of the digestive system that pushes food to the stomach using wave-like muscle contractions. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| The part of the digestive system that uses muscle contractions to mix food; releases acids that activate digestive chemicals. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| The part of the digestive system that neutralizes stomach acid, absorbs 80-90% of nutrients, and releases chemicals that digest food. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| The part of the digestive system that absorbs vitamins, minerals, and water. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| The part of the digestive system that discharges the solid mass of undigested food called feces. |
|
|
Term
Circulatory System
Chapter 9 |
|
Definition
| The system of organs that moves blood throughout the body. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| A hollow muscle that pumps blood through the body. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| A blood vessel that takes oxygen-rich blood from the lungs and delivers it via the heart to body tissues. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| A blood vessel that takes oxygen-poor blood from body tissues back to the heart. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| A minute blood vessel that makes the exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide possible; the connection between the veins and arteries. |
|
|
Term
Blood Pressure Cuff
Chapter 9 |
|
Definition
| The inflatable cuff and pressure meter used to measure blood pressure. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| A form of electromagnetic radiation that can be used to "see through" soft tissue like skin and muscles to make a picture of dense substances such as bone. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| (Electrocardiogram); a printed record of the rate and pattern of a heartbeat. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| (Electrophalogram);a tool that records changes in brain activity on a moving chart; a chart produced with such a tool. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| A branch of science that studies foods and how the body uses them. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| A substance found in foods that provides nourishment to living things. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| A condition of ill-health caused by a diet that is missing essential nutrients. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| A class of nutrient that is the primary source of nergy for your body. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| A class of nutrients that is used to build body tissue, regulate chemical activity, and supply energy when carbohydrates and fats are not available. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| A class of nutrient that is stored in the body for use as an energy source when carbohydrates are in short supply. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| A class of nutrients that is organized according to whether they can be absorbed in fat or water. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Nutrients that help carry out life functions. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| The amount and type of food you eat. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| A diet that contains a wide variety of foods. |
|
|
Term
Canada's Food Guide
Chapter 10 |
|
Definition
| A guideline developed by Health and Welfare Canada to help Canadians make healthy eating and lifestyle choices. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| A class of diet that limits or eliminates the consumption of animal products. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Any short-lived idea or "craze" about how or what people should eat-often involving weight loss. |
|
|
Term
Mechanical Digestion
Chapter 10 |
|
Definition
| The part of the digestive process in which the teeth and stomach muscles break food into smaller pieces. |
|
|
Term
Chemical Digestion
Chapter 10 |
|
Definition
| The part of the digestive process in which chemicals break food down into smaller pieces. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| A chemical that breaks down food during the digestive process. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| The part of the digestive process in which the particle-sized products of food resulting from chemical digestion move into the bloodstream. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| The liquids in the mouth that contain enzymes that begin chemical digestion. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| The tendency or ability of body systems to stay in balance. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| A hormone that regulates the production of glucose. |
|
|
Term
High Blood Pressure
Chapter 11 |
|
Definition
| The illness in which a person has blood pressure that is routinely higher than normal. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Crystallized cholesterol that forms in the gall bladder- an organ in the digestive system. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| A medical condition characterized by the storage of excessive fat; when fat makes up 10% or more of a person's body. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| A burning sensation caused by stomach acids rising into the esophagus. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| An illness that disables the body's ability to regulate the production of sugar. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Holes or breaks in the lining of the esophagus or stomach caused when normal digestive juices destroy the protective mucous lining. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| A mental illness in which a person is so afraid of gaining weight that they restrict their food intake excessively and may exercise compulsively-usually resulting in malnutrition and other medical complications including heart disease and death. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| A mental illness in which a person is so afraid of gaining weight that they force themselves to vomit in order to get rid of food before digesting it-usually resulting in malnutrition and other medical complications including tooth decay and death. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| A severe reduction in the flow of blood to the heart, causing pain as the heart tissue begins to die. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Literally: stopped heart. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| An x-ray device contained in a hollow tube that can be fed through an artery to provide a picture of the blood vessels. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| An electrical device implanted under the collarbone that releases electrical charges to stimulate a steady heartbeat. |
|
|
Term
Artificial Heart
Chapter 11 |
|
Definition
| A mechanical pump implanted in place of a diseased or damaged heart. |
|
|
Term
Kidney Dialysis
Chapter 11 |
|
Definition
| The procedure that feeds blood full of wastes through a large external blood purifier and then returns it to the body. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| The process by which chloroplasts in plant cells convert sunlight, water, and carbon dioxide into glucose and oxygen. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| A sugar(food) produced during photosynthesis. |
|
|
Term
Cellular Respiration
Chapter 12 |
|
Definition
| The chemical change that converts food into energy within a cell. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Tne carbohydrate form in which plants store excess glucose produced during photosynthesis. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| The sum of a community of living things and the environment in which they live. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| A model that shows how energy and matter pass from one organism to another in an ecosystem. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| A class of organisms that can make their own food- usually through photosynthesis. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| An organism that eats either a producer or another consumer. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| A living thing that breaks down dead plants and animals, returning their chemical elements to the environment. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| A network of connected food chains that provides a complete model of how energy and matter are transferred from one organism to another in an ecosystem. |
|
|
Term
Primary Consumer
Chapter 12 |
|
Definition
| An animal that eats plants or producers. |
|
|
Term
Secondary Consumer
Chapter 12 |
|
Definition
| An animal that eats primary consumers; and animal that eats animals that eat plants. |
|
|
Term
Tertiary Consumer
Chapter 12 |
|
Definition
| An animal that eats secondary consumers; an animal that eats animals that eat other animals. |
|
|
Term
Ecological Pyramid
Chapter 12 |
|
Definition
| A model showing the relative numbers of organisms or amount of energy available at each level in a food chain. |
|
|
Term
Pyramid of Energy
Chapter 12 |
|
Definition
| A model showing the total amount of chemical energy that flows through each feeding level in a food chain. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| The re-use of matter in ecological systems. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| The re-use or cycling of water in nature through condensation, precipitation, and evaporation/transpiration. |
|
|
Term
Carbon and Oxygen Cycles
Chapter 12 |
|
Definition
| The re-use or cycling of carbon and oxygen in nature through photosynthesis, cellular respiration, and decompostion. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| The re-use or cycling of nitrogen in nature through food chains, decomposition, and fixing/producing bacteria. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| A mixture of decomposing plants and soil. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Any group of individuals of the same species living together in the same place at the same time. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| One member of a population. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| The number of individuals that died a specified time. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Arrivals (not including births) into a population. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| The number of young produced(births) by a population over a period of time. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Departures from a population. |
|
|
Term
Limiting Factor
Chapter 13 |
|
Definition
| The factors that limit the number of individuals that an environment can support. |
|
|
Term
Carrying Capacity
Chapter 13 |
|
Definition
| The number of individuals that an environment can support. |
|
|
Term
Abiotic Limiting Factor
Chapter 13 |
|
Definition
| The non-living factors such as weather and altitude that limit the number of individuals that an ecosystem can support. |
|
|
Term
Biotic Limiting Factor
Chapter 13 |
|
Definition
| The living parts of an ecosystem that affect the size of population the ecosystem can support. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| The competition among organisms for resources such as food, shelter, light, and water. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Any organism that lives on or in another organism at the expense of that organism. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Any organism that has a parasite. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| The relationship between host and parasite. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Any animal that catches, kills and eats other animals. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Any animal that is eaten by other animals. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| The killing and eating of one animal by another. |
|
|
Term
Reproductive Rate
Chapter 13 |
|
Definition
| The rate at which a pair of organisms can reproduce. |
|
|
Term
Exotice Species
Chapter 13 |
|
Definition
| Any specied that does not occur naturally in an ecosystem. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Any chemical spray that kills "pest" (unwanted) plants or animals. |
|
|
Term
Biological Control
Chapter 13 |
|
Definition
| Any organism used to limit a population of unwanted plants or animals. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| The sum of a community of living things and the environment in which they live. |
|
|
Term
Biotic Community
Chapter 14 |
|
Definition
| All the living components (biotic factors) of an ecosystem. |
|
|
Term
Abiotic Environment
Chapter 14 |
|
Definition
| Abiotic factors; all the non-living components of an ecosystem. |
|
|
Term
Terrestrial Ecosystem
Chapter 14 |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Average weather conditions based on long-term records. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| The physical features in an area. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| A measure of the height above sea level; elevation. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| A measure in degrees of how far north or south a place is from the equator. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| The thin layer of rock fragments and decomposes plant matter that covers the land. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| The smallest particles that make up soil; form a flexible mass when wet. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Tiny rock particles found in soil; these particles are larger than clay particles but smaller than sand. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Grain-sized pieces of rock found in soil. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| The largest particle found in soil; small stones. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| The part of soil consisting of broken down plant fibres, soil particles, and decayed organisms. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| A measure in degrees of how far north or south a place is from the equator. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| The thin layer of rock fragments and decomposes plant matter that covers the land. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| The smallest particles that make up soil; form a flexible mass when wet. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Tiny rock particles found in soil; these particles are larger than clay particles but smaller than sand. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Grain-sized pieces of rock found in soil. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| The largest particle found in soil; small stones. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| The part of soil consisting of broken down plant fibres, soil particles, and decayed organisms. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Particles of humus that have formed clumps. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| The washing out of materials by water running through the soil. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| The horizontal layers in soil. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| The top layer (Horizon A) of soil. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| A large geographic area containing distinct plants and animals. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| The biome consisting of mixed forests of aspen, spruce, and pine trees. |
|
|
Term
Mountain and Foothill
Chapter 14 |
|
Definition
| A biome characterized by coniferous forests and extreme variations in temperature and amounts of precipitation. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| The biome in which the main plants are trees and grasses. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| A biome in which grass is the main vegetation and precipitation is low. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
-same as biodiversity
A description of the variety of living things in an area. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| A description of the variety of living things in an area. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| The elimination of a species from Earth. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Refers to an organism's shelter and food. |
|
|
Term
Species at Risk
Chapter 14 |
|
Definition
| Plants and animals close to becoming extinct. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Any material that can be broken down by organisms in the environment. |
|
|
Term
Non-biodegradable
Chapter 15 |
|
Definition
| Any material that cannot be broken down by organisms in the environment or that is broken down very slowly. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Any chemical spray that kills "pest"(unwanted) plants or animals. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Any chemical that kills unwanted insects. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Any chemical that kills unwanted plants. |
|
|
Term
Biological Magnification
Chapter 15 |
|
Definition
| The accumulation of chemicals in the bodies of animals found higher on the food chain; the accumulation occurs because they have eaten animals that contained small amounts of the chemical. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| A natural or chemical substance used to add nutrients to soil and thus increase crop yields. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| An organism's natural ability to not be killed by a pesticide. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| The buildup of nutrients in an aquatic ecosystem causing excessive plant growth and reduced oxygen. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| The group of fuels derived from the remains of organisms that lived millions of years ago. |
|
|
Term
Greenhouse Effect
Chapter 15 |
|
Definition
| The phenomenon caused by an insulating layer of carbon dioxide around Earth that lets radiation in but keeps heat from escaping. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| The trend toward increased average temperatures caused by excess carbon dioxide in Earth's atmosphere. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Any substance that cools; in refrigerators, the liquid that absorbs heat. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
(chlorofluorocarbons)
a class of refrigerants that damage Earth's ozone layer. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| An invisible layer of gas in teh atmosphere about 15-35 km above Earth's surface that absorbs harmful ultraviolet radiation from the Sun. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| A waste disposal area that consists of a large pit in the ground and various features that prevent toxic chemicals from entering the environment. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| One of the three strategies for reducing wast; buying items with less packaging is one way to reduce waste. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| One of the three strategies for waste reduction in which new used are found for products that would otherwise be thrown away. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| One of the three strategies for waste reduction in which discarded materials are broken down and used to form new products. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Any area in which water remains at or just below the ground's surface. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| A method of restoring wetlands by blocking drainage ditches and building small dams to allow flooding. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| The rate at whicha material absorbs heat. |
|
|
