Term
| Science is derived from this word: |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| Idea of testing and gathering information |
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Definition
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Term
| Science began to take more precedence once: |
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Definition
| Doubt in Christianity began to emerge |
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Definition
| An agent causes a disease that harms the body, can be spread through personal methods |
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Term
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Definition
| Communicable, spreads person to person |
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Term
| Infectious disease can be: |
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Definition
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Term
| Infectious disease can be spread by: |
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Definition
- Fungus
- Virus
- Bacteria
- Parasites
- Prions |
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Term
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Definition
| Lyme disease (ticks) and Pink eye |
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Term
| Parasites can cause/create: |
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Definition
"worms"
Protists
Amoebas
Protozoans |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| What causes Mad Cow Disease? |
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Definition
| A strain of protein found in a cows brain that negatively impacts a humans body when digested |
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Term
| The Flu is caused by a _____ and can be prevented with a _______. |
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Definition
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Term
| Tuberculosis is caused by ______ and can be treated with ______. |
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Definition
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Term
| Cholera is caused by ______ and can be treated with ______. |
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Definition
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Term
| HIV/AIDs is caused by a _____ and can be treated with _______ |
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Definition
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Term
| Malaria is caused by _______ and can be treated with _________. |
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Definition
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Term
| Measles are caused by ______ and can be treated with ______. |
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Definition
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Term
| Hepatitis B is caused by ______ and can be treated with _______ |
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Definition
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Term
| Whooping cough/Pertussis is caused by _______ and can be treated with _______. |
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Definition
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Term
| Tetanus is caused by _______ and can be treated with _________. |
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Definition
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Term
| Dengue/Hemorrhoids are caused by ________ and can be treated with _______ |
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Definition
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Term
| Blood shelf life is only: |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| Fluid part of blood, can be frozen |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| Unique to each person, cannot be transferred from one person to another. |
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Term
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Definition
| Clotting factors of blood |
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Term
| Those with hemophilia lack: |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| Develops blood typing system |
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Term
| Mixing incompatible blood results in: |
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Definition
| coagulated (jello-like) blood |
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Term
| True/False: O blood can be transferred to people of all blood types |
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Definition
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Term
| If both parents have a negative Rh factor, |
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Definition
| Their child will have a negative Rh factor |
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Term
| What does the term "Rh" come from? |
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Definition
| Rhesus Monkey, Landsteiner did his blood tests on monkeys |
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Term
| If you have a positive Rh factor: |
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Definition
| your blood would clot the monkey blood (bad) |
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Term
| If you have a negative Rh factor: |
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Definition
| your blood wouldn't clot the monkey blood (good) |
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Term
| _____ of the world population has a positive blood type |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| what is on your alleles to define the trait |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| Everyone has ___ alleles on every ___ gene |
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Definition
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Term
| Every person has ____ chromosomes which divides into ____ pairs |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| If your blood type is AB, then on your alleles: |
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Definition
| you have A on one allele and B on the other |
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Term
| If you have an A or a B blood type, what are the two possible bloodtypes on your alleles? |
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Definition
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Term
| Can a woman with Ao blood and a man with Oo blood give birth to a son with B blood? Why? |
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Definition
| No because B is not dominant on any of their alleles |
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Term
| What is the possible blood type of the child of a mother with Ao blood and a father with Oo blood? Why? |
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Definition
| Ao or Oo because A and O are both dominant on the parents alleles and o is also recessive on both of their alleles |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| How can IVF be taken care of? |
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Definition
Implanted into the body
Kept frozen |
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Term
| What do Human Leukocyte Antigens do? |
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Definition
| They can tell what naturally is from and belongs in the body and what is foreign |
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Term
| In order to receive any form of transplant from someone else, what must match up? |
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Definition
| All of the Human Leukocyte Antigens on the chart |
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Term
| What is on the Human Leukocyte Antigens list? |
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Definition
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Term
| You receive _____ HLA from your mom and _____ from your dad. |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| If you have leukemia, what's a possible source of a transplant? |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| "Unmade" cells that can be taken from different body parts/embryos,can also be planted in weak body parts, "read" the existing cells, and copy them |
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Term
| Where can stem cells be found? |
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Definition
Umbilical cords
Bone marrow
Embryos |
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Term
| What chromosome transfers from father to son? |
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Definition
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Term
| What carries the mothers DNA? |
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Definition
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Term
| Where in the cell is the DNA located? |
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Definition
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Term
| What can you look at to check the family heritage on your mothers side? |
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Definition
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Term
| What can you look at to check your family tree on your fathers side? |
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Definition
| Your father's family tree traced through the fathers |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| Black or white. No gray area. |
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Term
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Definition
| Done for the greater good |
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Term
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Definition
| Belief asserting the existence of relations as entities (its existence) |
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Term
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Definition
- Empiric Data
- Rational Thinking
- Experimentation and testing of hypothesis |
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Term
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Definition
| Making up scientific data |
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Term
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Definition
| Fraudulent data or lying about experiment data and results |
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Term
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Definition
| The theory that living organisms can come out of nonliving matter |
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Term
| Where did the water on Earth today come from? |
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Definition
| Comets hitting the earth millions of years ago |
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Term
| If a nonliving DNA molecule is injected into a living being what happens? |
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Definition
| The nonliving DNA molecule will replicate the living DNA and become alive again |
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Term
| What does Gene Therapy do? |
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Definition
| Takes a deformed gene and fixes it |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| Describe the life cycle of a fly |
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Definition
| Starts as EGG, becomes LARVAE, then a MAGGOT, which feeds on decaying organisms and grows into fly |
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Term
| What was the life span in the 1800s? |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| The supposed production of living organisms from nonliving matter |
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Term
| Was Pasteur for or against spontaneous generation? |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| What are amino acids composed of? |
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Definition
| Fats, lipids, carbs, proteins |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| Was Pouchet for or against spontaneous generation? |
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Definition
| For spontaneous generation |
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Term
| Did Pouchet's test prove Spontaneous Generation? |
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Definition
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Term
| What do Botalism molecules create? |
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Definition
| A toxin that is quick and fatal to human beings. |
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Term
| Where can a human receive Botalism molecules? |
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Definition
| Improperly presesrved cans and jars |
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Term
| What do Botalism molecules do in high quantities? |
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Definition
| Paralyze organs, muscles, and tissues until you're dead |
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Term
| What are small doses of Botalism molecules also known as? |
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Definition
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Term
| Is a valid argument always true? |
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Definition
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Term
| Examples of Spontaneous Generation: |
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Definition
Maggots growing on meat
Mold growing in damp, warm areas |
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Term
| In the Pasteur/Pouchet experiment, what was the control group? |
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Definition
| The uncovered meat that grew the maggots |
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Term
| In the Pasteur/Pouchet experiment, what was the variable group? |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| Conclusion by inductive reasoning |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| Experiment Hypothesis standard set-up: |
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Definition
| If ___ is done, then ___ will happen because ___ |
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Term
| If my hypothesis is correct,: |
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Definition
| I cannot have a false prediction |
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Term
| If my hypothesis is wrong,: |
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Definition
| I can have a true prediction |
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Term
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Definition
| People 65 or older have a high percentage of diabetes. Is aging the cause of diabetes? (No) |
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Term
| Any test subjects for a clinical trials must: |
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Definition
| give informed consent before undergoing testing |
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Term
| What happened in Tuskeegee Alabama? |
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Definition
| Black men in Tuskeegee with syphilis were tested on for a cure but were never informed of a cure when penicillin was discovered |
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Term
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Definition
| STD, enters the body during sexual contact |
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Term
| What does Syphilis cause? |
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Definition
| Dementia, blindness, nerve damage, paralysis, a womans ability to get pregnant, and can infect a child during labor |
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Term
| What year was penicillin discovered? |
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Definition
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Term
| Penicillin cures syphilis how? |
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Definition
| Kills the bacteria in the genital area but cannot reverse any physical damage done to the body |
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Term
| What happened with the research study in Guatemala? |
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Definition
| Scientists hired prostitutes with syphilis and sent them to men to infect them with syphilis to study them without consent |
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Term
| When approached about a clinical trial, you must be informed of what? |
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Definition
- Risks/side effects
- What treatment plan/drug does
- Chances (if done on people/animals before)
- Name/Formula
- Summary of results so far
- How drug or treatment plan is given
- How often it must be taken |
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Term
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Definition
| Answer any and all questions asked |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
Consists of 25-50 people
Focuses on side effects |
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Term
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Definition
Effective dosage
Consists of 50-200 people |
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Term
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Definition
Typically divided between control group and drug group
Consists of around 1000 participants |
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Term
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Definition
| Patient doesn't know what could happen |
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Term
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Definition
| The nurses, Doctor, and Patient don't know what could happen |
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Term
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Definition
| a pattern that serves as a model or an example |
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Term
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Definition
| Something that does what isn't standard, normal, or expected |
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Term
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Definition
| Theory that the first living cell came from outer space because the Earth came from outer space |
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Term
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Definition
| Living beings come from living beings |
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Term
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Definition
| Humans will come from humans, rats will come from rats, etc |
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Term
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Definition
| Theory that there is no significant difference between specified populations, any observed difference being due to sampling or experimental error |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| Purposely lying about experiment, results, data, and other aspects |
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Term
| What happened at the Bowery in the Lower East Side in 1948? |
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Definition
| 13 men were found dead with blue skin |
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Term
| What were some theories behind why the dead men had blue skin? |
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Definition
- Lack of Oxygen to the blood
- Air pollution
- Chronic Obstructive Pulminary Disease
- Vitamin deficiency
- Suffocation
- Work-related Toxic chemicals or working conditions |
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Term
| How did all 13 men acquire the blue tinged skin? |
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Definition
| They all ate oatmeal at a diner that morning before work and used the salt shaker. Rather than salt, the immigrant that filled the bag of salt the diner used with Potassium nitrate, which is lethal in certain doses. |
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Term
| What is Potassium nitrate used for? |
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Definition
| Brining corn beef, cheaper alternative |
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Term
| What are some examples of genetically modified food? |
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Definition
Soybeans
Corn products
Canola
Cotton seed oil products |
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Term
| What are genetically modified foods engineered to do? |
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Definition
- Grow faster
- Decay or spoil slower
- Look better when packaged
- Withstand the weather in the area it's grown in
- Withstand hungry animals, homeless, etc
- Withstand antibiotics or pesticides in the soil |
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Term
| What happens during genetic modification? |
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Definition
| One or more genes are added to a plant's genome using genetic engineering techniques, after a plant is tested in the lab for its desired qualities |
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Term
| What do they do with the newly genetically modified plant? |
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Definition
| Gather the seeds and plant them in their field-test |
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Term
| What happens if the field tests of the genetically modified plants are successful |
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Definition
| The plants will be packaged and marketed |
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Term
| What was the original idea of infectious disease? |
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Definition
| Being anywhere near an infected person or thing would give you the disease |
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Term
| Are infection and contagion the same thing? |
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Definition
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Term
| Definition of Infectious?: |
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Definition
| An organism that can cause disease |
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Term
| Examples of Infectious agents? |
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Definition
- Bacteria
- Fungi
- Viruses
- Protozoans
- Prions |
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Term
| Definition of Contagious? |
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Definition
| Spread from person to person by direct or indirect contact. |
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Term
| How can contagious diseases be spread? |
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Definition
- The air
- Body fluids
- Sexual contact
- Touch |
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Term
| Some examples of the germiest things in your home that you touch or do are: |
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Definition
- Bathrooms
- Cell phones
- Door knobs
- Sink and soap nozzles
- Talking
- Coughing/Sneezing without covering up
- Food (can be spoiled or undercooked)
- Water (if old or untreated) |
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Term
| Where does vacca come from? |
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Definition
| Vacca means "cow" in Spanish. |
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Term
| Where did the first vaccine come from? |
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Definition
| Cows that kept their milkmaids free of smallpox |
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Term
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Definition
| A disease that left huge, pus-filled, gaping holes in every organ of the body, internal and external. |
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Term
| How many people that were affected by smallpox die from it? |
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Definition
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Term
| How many people affected by malignant smallpox die from it? |
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Definition
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Term
| What happened to the 10% of those affected by smallpox that survived it? |
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Definition
| They went blind, had large scars all over their body and organs from the pox |
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Term
| Why didn't smallpox affect the milkmaids? |
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Definition
| The milkmaids all were infected with cow pox, which can infect humans but will not make them sick. It also makes them immune to smallpox |
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Term
| What did Jenner do in 1796? |
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Definition
| Scratched an 8 year old boys hand and infected him with cow pox |
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Term
| What was the "original" way to vaccinate people? |
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Definition
| Scratch their arm or hand until it bled and then put the vaccine into their blood through the wound |
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Term
| Was the boy infected by smallpox when he went home? |
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Definition
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Term
| During the height of the smallpox epidemic, how many people a year died from it? |
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Definition
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Term
| How many other people did Jenner test his theory on and were they all successful? |
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Definition
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Term
| What became of smallpox after this discovery? |
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Definition
| The World Health Organization (WHO) would go to areas stricken by the disease and vaccinate the healthy so they would not get sick. Those who were infected would either die with the disease or survive with the side effects |
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Term
| When did the USA stop vaccinating their citizens for smallpox? |
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Definition
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Term
| When did the World Health Organization declare smallpox eradicated? |
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Definition
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Term
| Some examples of viral infections with vaccines? |
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Definition
- Whooping cough/Pertussis
- Tetanus
- Smallpox
- Flu
- Chicken Pox
- Hepatitis C
- Polio |
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Term
| What happened to those that were given the live vaccine for polio? |
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Definition
| The vaccine actually gave some people polio |
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Term
| What were hospitals like back before hygiene was common knowledge? |
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Definition
| A place for you to go and die |
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Term
| What would happen to women that went to hospitals to give birth? |
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Definition
| The mother would die from the dirtiness of the area she was in and the people handling her and her child, and the baby would die sometimes as well |
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Term
| What was the common sense that struck people that saved many lives in hospitals? |
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Definition
| Routine hand and clothes washing prevented a lot of deaths in their patients |
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Term
| What was the name of the fatal virus in Outbreak? |
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Definition
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Term
| What virus was the Motaba Virus in the movie "Outbreak" based on in real life? |
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Definition
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Term
| What were the symptoms of Motaba in the movie "Outbreak"? |
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Definition
- Liquefies organs
- Makes pustules appear on the skin
- The pustules pop and blood and pus pours out
- 100% mortality rate
- Death in 2-3 days |
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Term
| What was the name of the city in California that was infected with the Motaba virus? |
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Definition
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Term
| What were the intentions of General McClintok and General Ford with the Motaba virus? |
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Definition
| To keep the disease hidden from the general public to use it as biological warfare |
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Term
| How did the virus in the movie Contagion spread? |
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Definition
1) A bulldozer knocks down a tree with a bats nest in it
2) The bat carrying the virus flies away and lands on a banana plant and eats a banana chunk
3) The bat flies away and lands on a water pipe over a pig pen eating the banana
4) The bat drops a chunk of banana into the pen and a piglet eats the banana chunk, infecting itself and forming a new strain of the virus
5) Chinese chefs collect all of the piglets and butcher them
6) The chef that butchers the diseased piglet doesn't wash his hands before shaking hands with Beth, who brings the disease back to her hometown |
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Term
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Definition
| The first known victim of any virus or contagion |
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Term
| What is the name of the virus in the movie "Contagion"? |
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Definition
| Meningoencephalitis Virus One, or MEV-1 |
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Term
| What does SARS stand for? |
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Definition
| Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome |
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Term
| When and where did SARS first appear? |
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Definition
|
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Term
|
Definition
| Host of typhoid fever whose stubbornness infected many people with typhoid |
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Term
| What was Typhoid Mary's occupation in which she spread Typhoid, where did she primarily work and during what decades? |
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Definition
| She was a cook in NYC in the late 1880s-1910's |
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Term
| How was Typhoid Mary spreading the disease? |
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Definition
| She wasn't washing her hands as she cooked and typhoid was being spread through her food |
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Term
| When the government warned her to stop cooking food, what did she do instead? |
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Definition
| Change her name and go to work for private families or restaurants in the Long Island/Westchester county area |
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Term
| When she was caught for the last time after typhoid broke out in her newest place of employment, what did the government do? |
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Definition
| Put her in a quarantine until her death |
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Term
|
Definition
| A state of isolation where animals or people exposed to infectious or contagious disease are placed |
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Term
|
Definition
| The liquid in the vaccine that acts against the virus when the body is already infected with it |
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Term
| What does the anti-serum create? |
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Definition
| It creates the proteins that your body would make if it wasn't already infected by the virus |
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Term
| How long does it take anti-bodies to create in the body? |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| What do vaccines prevent? |
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Definition
| Vaccines prevent the virus from ever infecting the body |
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Term
| Is the virus in vaccines alive? |
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Definition
| If it is alive, it is weakened. Most of the time it is dead |
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Term
|
Definition
| The host animal or human of a virus |
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Term
| How can Mad Cows Disease be received? |
|
Definition
| If the victim eats infected meat |
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|
Term
| How does Mad Cows Disease cause dementia? |
|
Definition
| The strand of protein in the infected meat attacks the brain |
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Term
| Run of the mill influenza will transfer from: |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| Bird influenza travels from ___ to ___ and then: |
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Definition
| Travels from bird to bird and then mutates to enter and infect humans |
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Term
| Flu is what kind of virus? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What are the spikes on an RNA virus made up of? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| How many people died on influenza in 1918? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Do all illness carriers display symptoms? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| short, almost microscopic hair found on the body that prevents germs, viruses, and bacteria from entering the body |
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Term
|
Definition
| Eyelashes, ear hair, nose hair |
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|
Term
| What does healthy skin act as? |
|
Definition
| A strong barrier to the outside world |
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Term
|
Definition
| Make fatty acids that releases unwanted shit from the body |
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|
Term
| What does saliva contain? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What does it mean to have Innate WBCs? |
|
Definition
| It means you're naturally born with them |
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Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What are the different parts to blood? |
|
Definition
Red Blood Cells
White Blood Cells
Platelets |
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|
Term
| What does it mean to not have enough blood cells? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What does CBC with differentials tell a doctor? |
|
Definition
| What kind of white blood cells you have |
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Term
| In order to receive stem cells, what must they match? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What are the components that make up lymphocytes? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Who discovered Penicillin? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| An antibiotic that fights off bacteria |
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|
Term
| Who cannot make antibiotics naturally? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What makes an antibiotic? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is inside of the Staph? |
|
Definition
| A slant with nutrient media and agar |
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|
Term
| What is inside of the Petri Dish? |
|
Definition
| A form of nutrient media growing with agar inside |
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|
Term
| What German scientist worked with bacteria? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What did Robert Koch discover? |
|
Definition
| That bacteria must be given nutrient media to develop and work |
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|
Term
| What is the purpose of the agar in these experiments? |
|
Definition
| To provide a solid surface for the bacteria to grow |
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|
Term
| How did Fleming discover Penicillin? |
|
Definition
| He looked into one of his petri dish experiments and realized that the bacteria around the mold had died |
|
|
Term
| What percentage of antibiotics are given to animals? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| How do humans receive a majority of our antibiotics? |
|
Definition
| By eating meat, meat products, or dairy products |
|
|
Term
| How does the body react to Penicillin if allergic? |
|
Definition
1) The Penicillin attaches to red blood cells
2) The body sees this as a foreign protein and attack |
|
|
Term
| How could health officials in the 18-1900's tell if a family was ill even if they weren't showing symptoms? |
|
Definition
| If the child was ill and showing symptoms |
|
|
Term
| What did Joseph Lister discover that seems like common sense now? |
|
Definition
| Washing your hands before doing anything in a hospital would reduce the mortality rate |
|
|
Term
| What happens if local infections such as an infected toenail or a pimple get into your blood stream? |
|
Definition
| It will travel right to your organs and can infect them |
|
|
Term
| What makes up immune system? |
|
Definition
| Natural and Learned parts of the immune system |
|
|
Term
| One of the children Pasteur originally worked on worked in Pasteur's institute years later and wouldn't allow the Germans in so he committed suicide, to distract the German so the French could defeat them. What disease did he have? |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| Who was the first preson to link pure bacteria with an illness? |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| Why were immigrants at Ellis Island afraid to be found sick? |
|
Definition
| They would be sent back to their home countries if found sick |
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|
Term
| What insurance company was the first to help hospitals pay for sick patients to become well? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What did Metlife pay for in these hospitals and why did they do this? |
|
Definition
| Metlife paid for preventive medicine, doctors appointments, vaccines, and surgeries. They did this because it would save them more money doing this than paying death benefits to families of the deceased |
|
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Term
|
Definition
| Blood that remains in the umbilical cord and placenta after childbirth |
|
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Term
|
Definition
| pluripotent stem cells derived from the inner cell mass of a blastocyst, an early-stage embryo. |
|
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Term
|
Definition
| Taking place in a test tube, culture dish, or elsewhere outside a living organism. |
|
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Term
|
Definition
| a process by which egg cells are fertilised by sperm outside the womb, in vitro |
|
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Term
|
Definition
| Taking place in a living organism |
|
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Term
|
Definition
| The immunity that results from the production of antibodies in response to an antigen. |
|
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Term
|
Definition
| composed of highly specialized, systemic cells and processes that eliminate or prevent pathogen growth. |
|
|
Term
| An adaptive immune system is also known as: |
|
Definition
Acquired immune system
Specific immune system |
|
|
Term
| What does AIDS stand for? |
|
Definition
| Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| The final stage of HIV disease, which causes severe damage to the immune system. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| A damaging immune response by the body to a substance, esp. pollen, fur, a particular food, or dust, to which it has become hypersensitive. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| A blood protein produced in response to and counteracting a specific antigen. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| A toxin or other foreign substance that induces an immune response in the body, esp. the production of antibodies. |
|
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Term
|
Definition
| production of antibodies against the tissues of your own body; produces autoimmune disease or hypersensitivity reactions. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| a lymphocyte derived from bone marrow that provides humoral immunity |
|
|
Term
| What do B Lymphocytes do? |
|
Definition
| recognizes free antigen molecules in solution and matures into plasma cells that secrete immunoglobulin (antibodies) that inactivate the antigens |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| (the colorless watery fluid of the blood and lymph that contains no cells, but in which the blood cells (erythrocytes, leukocytes, and thrombocytes) are suspended |
|
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Term
|
Definition
| the fatty network of connective tissue that fills the cavities of bones. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| the movement of a microorganism or cell in response to a chemical stimulus |
|
|
Term
| Contact Hypersensitivity occurs when: |
|
Definition
| an antigen interacts with antigen-specific lymphocytes that release inflammatory and toxic substances, which attract other white blood cells and results in tissue injury. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| the degree to which something is toxic to living cells |
|
|
Term
| Delayed Type Hypersensitivity: |
|
Definition
| The reaction is delayed, often 2-3 days |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| A white blood cell with secretory granules in its cytoplasm |
|
|
Term
| Examples of secretory granules in a white blood cell? |
|
Definition
| an eosinophil or a basophil. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| A T cell that influences or controls the differentiation or activity of other cells of the immune system. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| the Human Leukocyte Antigen system |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| A complex family of genetically inherited proteins, which are found on the surface of cells throughout the body. |
|
|
Term
| What are HLA antigens used to do? |
|
Definition
| They determine the "match" between patient and potential donor in bone marrow transplantation |
|
|
Term
| What is the HLA Class I(A, B, C) responsible for? |
|
Definition
| Present peptides from inside the cell |
|
|
Term
| What is the HLA Class II (DR, DP, DQ) responsible for? |
|
Definition
| Present antigens from outside of the cell to T-lymphocytes |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| pathological sensitivity. |
|
|
Term
| Immune complexes are formed from: |
|
Definition
| the integral binding of an antibody to a soluble antigen |
|
|
Term
| What is Immune Deficiency? |
|
Definition
| state in which the immune system's ability to fight infectious disease is compromised |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| a class of proteins produced in lymph tissue in vertebrates and that function as antibodies in the immune response |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| The prevention or treatment of disease with substances that stimulate the immune response. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| the act of making immune (especially by inoculation). |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| The occurrence, rate, or frequency of a disease, crime, or something else undesirable |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| The period between exposure to an infection and the appearance of the first symptoms |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| A localized physical condition in which part of the body becomes reddened, swollen, hot, and often painful |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| natural immunity to disease that occurs as part of an individual's natural biologic makeup |
|
|
Term
| What is Kaposi's sarcoma? |
|
Definition
| a cancerous tumor of the connective tissue, and is often associated with AIDS |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| A T cell with a particular immune specificity and an endogenously produced receptor for antigen, capable of specifically killing its target cell after attachment to the target cell by this receptor |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| A colorless cell that circulates in the blood and body fluids and is involved in counteracting foreign substances and disease |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Each of a number of small swellings in the lymphatic system where lymph is filtered and lymphocytes are formed. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| A form of small leukocyte (white blood cell) with a single round nucleus, occurring in the lymphatic system. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| An enzyme that catalyzes the destruction of the cell walls of certain bacteria, occurring notably in tears and egg white. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| A large phagocytic cell found in stationary form in the tissues or as a mobile white blood cell, notably occuring at sites of infection. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| small agranulocytic leukocytes originating from fetal stem cells and developing in the bone marrow that don't secrete antibodies but when exposed to the specific antigen, develop into antibody-secreting plasma cells |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Major histocompatibility complex |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| the chromosomal region containing genes that control the histocompatibility antigens |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| A large phagocytic white blood cell with a simple oval nucleus and clear, grayish cytoplasm. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| An epithelial tissue that secretes mucus and that lines many body cavities and tubular organs including the gut and respiratory passages. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| The selective removal of alleles that are deleterious |
|
|
Term
| Natural Killer (NK) Cells: |
|
Definition
| A lymphocyte able to bind to certain tumor cells and virus-infected cells without the stimulation of antigens and kill them. |
|
|
Term
| Opportunistic Infections: |
|
Definition
| any infection caused by a microorganism that does not normally cause disease in humans |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| The short-term immunity that results from the introduction of antibodies from another person or animal. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| A bacterium, virus, or other microorganism that can cause disease |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| A type of cell within the body capable of engulfing and absorbing bacteria and other small cells and particles. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| The ingestion of bacteria or other material by phagocytes and ameboid protozoans |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| A fully differentiated B cell that produces a single type of antibody |
|
|
Term
| Primary Immunodeficiencies are: |
|
Definition
| disorders in which part of the body's immune system is missing or does not function properly |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| An organ or cell able to respond to light, heat, or other external stimulus and transmit a signal to a sensory nerve |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| a mature blood cell that contains hemoglobin to carry oxygen to the bodily tissues |
|
|
Term
| What does SCIDS stand for? |
|
Definition
| Severe Combined Immuno-Deficiency Syndrome |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| a congenital disease affecting T cells that can result from a mutation in any one of several different genes |
|
|
Term
| What are Secondary Immunodeficiencies? |
|
Definition
| state in which the immune system's ability to fight infectious disease is compromised or entirely absent |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| An abdominal organ involved in the production and removal of blood cells in most vertebrates and forming part of the immune system. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| A small gland that secretes sweat, situated in the dermis of the skin |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| A lymphoid organ situated in the neck of vertebrates that produces T cells for the immune system |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| The capacity to endure continued subjection to something, such as a drug, transplant, antigen, or environmental conditions |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| An antigenic poison or venom of plant or animal origin, esp. one produced by or derived from microorganisms and causing disease when present at low concentration in the body |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| An operation moving an organ from one organism (the donor) to another (the recipient) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| A biological preparation that improves immunity to a particular disease |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Cowpox, or the virus that causes it |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Any of a group of organic compounds that are essential for normal growth and nutrition and are required in small quantities in the diet |
|
|
Term
| What are White Blood Cells? |
|
Definition
| Blood cells that engulf and digest bacteria and fungi |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| A substance enclosed under pressure and able to be released as a fine spray, typically by means of a propellant gas |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| A medicine (such as penicillin or its derivatives) that inhibits the growth of or destroys microorganisms. |
|
|
Term
| What is Antibiotic Resistance? |
|
Definition
| a type of drug resistance where a microorganism is able to survive exposure to an antibiotic |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| A blood protein produced in response to and counteracting a specific antigen |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| A blood serum containing antibodies against specific antigens, injected to treat or protect against specific diseases |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| An antibody that counteracts a toxin, or an antidote |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| flu infection in birds. The virus that causes the bird infectin can change (mutate) to infect humans |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| A member of a large group of unicellular microorganisms lacking organelles and an organized nucleus, including some that can cause disease. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| A place where supplies of blood or plasma for transfusion are stored |
|
|
Term
| What is supply contamination? |
|
Definition
| Bacterial contamination of blood components |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| the liquid parts of the body |
|
|
Term
| What is the Bubonic Plague? |
|
Definition
| The commonest form of plague in humans, characterized by fever, delirium, and the formation of buboes |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Wildlife not traditionally considered edible that is hunted and used for food, usually illegally |
|
|
Term
| What is the definition of a Carrier?: |
|
Definition
| A person or an animal that shows no symptoms of a disease but harbors the infectious agent of that disease and is capable of transmitting it to others |
|
|
Term
| What is the CDC Center for Disease Control and Prevention? |
|
Definition
| Focuses national attention on developing and applying disease prevention and control (especially infectious diseases, foodborne pathogens and other microbial infections), environmental health, occupational safety and health, health promotion, injury prevention and education activities designed to improve the health of the people of the United States |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| an infection of the small intestine that causes a large amount of watery diarrhea. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| a disease that can be communicated from one person to another |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| any disease easily transmitted by contact |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| To make something impure by exposure to or addition of a poisonous or polluting substance. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| A debilitating viral disease of the tropics, transmitted by mosquitoes, and causing sudden fever and acute pains in the joints. |
|
|
Term
| What is DPT (Diphtheria, Pertussis, Tetanus)? |
|
Definition
| A vaccine that is combined to fight all of these diseases and is typically given to children |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| A disease that has either appeared in a specific area for the first time, or has recently evolved from another disease |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Regularly found among particular people or in a certain area |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| A widespread occurrence of an infectious disease in a community at a particular time: "a flu epidemic" |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| The branch of medicine that deals with the incidence, distribution, and control of diseases |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Also known as E. Coli, it's a Gram-negative, rod-shaped bacterium that is commonly found in the lower intestine of warm-blooded organisms. |
|
|
Term
| What is Flesh-eating bacteria? |
|
Definition
| a rare infection of the deeper layers of skin and subcutaneous tissues, easily spreading across the fascial plane within the subcutaneous tissue. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| any illness resulting from the consumption of contaminated food |
|
|
Term
| What is Hand to Mouth contact? |
|
Definition
| touching something that may be contaminated with bacteria with your hand and then touching your mouth |
|
|
Term
| What is Hemorrhagic fever? |
|
Definition
| a group of illnesses caused by a viral infection (usually restricted to a specific geographic area); fever and gastrointestinal symptoms are followed by capillary hemorrhage |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| a Gram-negative, microaerophilic bacterium found in the stomach |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Inflammation of the liver from the Hepatitis A virus |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| A severe form of viral hepatitis transmitted in infected blood |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| A form of viral hepatitis transmitted in infected blood, causing chronic liver disease |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| General immunity to a pathogen in a population based on the acquired immunity to it by a high proportion of members over time |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| an organism that originally harbors or nourishes a virus or bacteria |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Any of a class of proteins present in the serum and cells of the immune system, that function as antibodies. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| The increased response of the immune system to an antigen that had been encountered before. This is the basis of vaccination. |
|
|
Term
| What is an Incubation Period? |
|
Definition
| The period between exposure to an infection and the appearance of the first symptoms. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| An infectious disease: "a bacterial infection". |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Liable to spread infection |
|
|
Term
| What is Infectious Disease? |
|
Definition
| a disease transmitted only by a specific kind of contact |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| A bacterial infection spread through the bite of the blacklegged tick. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| A degenerative neurologic disease of cattle, thought to be caused by infection-causing agents called prions, in which brain tissues deteriorate and take on a spongy appearance, resulting in abnormal behaviors and loss of muscle control |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| An intermittent and remittent fever caused by a protozoan parasite that invades the red blood cells |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| An infectious viral disease causing fever and a red rash on the skin. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| A microorganism, esp. a bacterium causing disease or fermentation |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Measles, Mumps ,and Rubella |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| A vaccination given to small children to prevent measles, mumps, and rubella |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus, a bacterium with antibiotic resistance. |
|
|
Term
| What is Multi-drug resistance? |
|
Definition
| The ability to withstand many antimicrobial drugs |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| The human flora is the assemblage of microorganisms that reside on the surface and in deep layers of skin, in the saliva and oral mucosa, and in the gastrointestinal tracts |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| An outbreak of a disease that is prevalent over a whole country or the world |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| An organism that lives in or on another organism (its host) and benefits by deriving nutrients at the host's expense. |
|
|
Term
| What are Passive Antibodies? |
|
Definition
| A type of immunity acquired by the transfer of antibody from one individual to another, such as from mother to offspring. |
|
|
Term
| What is the importance of Plum Island? |
|
Definition
| It hosts an animal disease control center |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| the quality of prevailing generally; being widespread |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| A protein particle that is believed to be the cause of brain diseases such as BSE, scrapie, and Creutzfeldt–Jakob disease |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Protists are a diverse group of eukaryotic microorganisms |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| any of diverse minute acellular or unicellular organisms usually nonphotosynthetic. |
|
|
Term
| What is a Puerperal sepsis? |
|
Definition
| An infection of the endometrium after childbirth or an abortion |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| A thick yellowish or greenish opaque liquid produced in infected tissue, consisting of dead white blood cells and bacteria with tissue debris and serum |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| deadly viral infection that is mainly spread by infected animals through saliva and bites breaking through the first barrier of skin |
|
|
Term
| What is the Disease Reservoir? |
|
Definition
| the long-term host of the pathogen of an infectious disease |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Any RNA virus that inserts a DNA copy of its genome into the host cell in order to replicate such as HIV |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| the virus that causes severe acute respiratory syndrome |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| The presence in tissues of harmful bacteria and their toxins, typically through infection of a wound. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| A chronic bacterial disease that is contracted chiefly by infection during sexual intercourse, but also congenitally by infection of a developing fetus |
|
|
Term
| What does it mean for a disease to be tick-borne? |
|
Definition
| The disease is carried or transmitted by ticks |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| An antigenic poison or venom of plant or animal origin, esp. one produced by or derived from microorganisms and causing disease when present at low concentration in the body |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| catching: (of disease) capable of being transmitted by infection |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| The action or process of transmitting something or the state of being transmitted |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| a contagious bacterial infection that involves the lungs. It may spread to other organs. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| A quantity having direction as well as magnitude, esp. as determining the position of one point in space relative to another. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| a small infectious agent that can replicate only inside the living cells of an organism |
|
|
Term
| What is the West Nile Encephalitis Virus? |
|
Definition
| the flavivirus that causes West Nile encephalitis. |
|
|
Term
| What is the World Health Organization (WHO)? |
|
Definition
| An agency of the United Nations, established in 1948 to promote health and control communicable diseases. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| A tropical viral disease affecting the liver and kidneys, causing fever and jaundice and often fatal. It is transmitted by mosquitoes. |
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|
