Term
| A sea breeze circulation will reverse direction and become a land breeze |
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Definition
|
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Term
| A station at an altitude of 900 m (about 3000 feet) above sea level measures an air pressure of 930 mb. Under normal conditions, which of the values below do you think would be the most realistic sea level pressure for this station? |
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Definition
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Term
| A wind that blows at a constant speed parallel to curved isobars or contour lines is called a |
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Definition
|
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Term
| Devastating fires that occur in southern California during the fall are often spread by |
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Definition
|
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Term
| Hhydrostatic equilibrium is the balance between the |
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Definition
| e. vertical pressure gradient force and gravity |
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Term
| If the earth's gravitational force were to increase, atmospheric pressure at the ground would |
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Definition
|
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Term
| In the 3-cell model, converging surface winds and rising air motions are found at |
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Definition
|
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Term
| Lines connecting points of equal pressure are called |
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Definition
|
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Term
| On an upper-level chart the wind tends to blow |
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Definition
| b. parallel to the isobars or contours. |
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Term
| Suppose that the winds aloft in the Northern Hemisphere are geostrophic and blowing from the north. Low pressure is located to the |
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Definition
|
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Term
| The contour lines drawn on a 500 mb chart are lines of constant |
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Definition
|
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Term
| The majority of the United States lies within a(n) ____ wind belt. |
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Definition
|
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Term
| The net force acting on air which is blowing parallel to straight contours at constant speed is |
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Definition
|
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Term
| The nighttime counterpart of the sea breeze circulation is called a |
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Definition
|
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Term
| The pressure gradient force is directed from higher pressure toward lower pressure |
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Definition
| e. at all places on earth. |
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Term
| The summer monsoon in eastern and southern Asia is characterized by |
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Definition
| c. wet weather and winds blowing from sea to land. |
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Term
| We can generally expect the air to be ____ above areas of surface low pressure and ____ above areas of surface high pressure. |
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Definition
|
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Term
| When the wind blows in a more or less west to east direction, the wind flow pattern is called |
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Definition
|
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Term
| Winds blow parallel to the contour lines |
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Definition
| a. on upper-level charts, but not on surface charts. |
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Term
| Winds blow slightly inward |
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Definition
| c. around surface low pressure centers in the Northern and Southern Hemispheres. |
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Term
| A persistence forecast could be quite accurate when |
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Definition
| b. you are positioned in the middle of a large, stationary air mass. |
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Term
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Definition
| d. a forecast chart that shows the atmosphere at some future time. |
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Term
| A true cold front on a weather map is always |
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Definition
| d. followed by cooler air. |
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Term
| An air mass is characterized by similar properties of ____ and ____ in any horizontal direction. |
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Definition
|
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Term
|
Definition
| c. a surface or upper-level chart that depicts the present weather patterns. |
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Term
| An mT air mass lying above a cold ground surface represents a(n) ____ situation. |
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Definition
|
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Term
| As a front approaches, passes and recedes the atnospheric pressure normally |
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Definition
| b. drops as the front approaches, and then rises as the front recedes. |
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Term
| In the Southern Hemisphere, |
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Definition
| d. precipitation associated with warm fronts tends to be gentle and prolonged |
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Term
| Lake-effect snows are best developed around the Great Lakes during |
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Definition
| b. late fall and early winter when cold, dry polar air moves over the relatively warm water. |
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Term
| One would expect a cP air mass to be |
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Definition
|
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Term
| Refer to the figure, which shows a surface weather map. Clearing skies are most likely at position |
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Definition
|
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Term
| Refer to the figure, which shows the height pattern at the 500 mb level. At which position would a surface low pressure center be most likely to intensify. |
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Definition
|
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Term
| The development or strengthening of a middle latitude storm system is called |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| The diagram below represents an airmass A moving from left to right. What type of front is it describing? |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| The forecasting of weather by a computer is known as |
|
Definition
| e. numerical weather prediction. |
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Term
| The greatest contrast in both temperature and moisture will occur along the boundary separating which air masses? |
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Definition
|
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Term
| What type of air mass would be responsible for hot, muggy summer weather in the eastern half of the United States? |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| What type of weather front would be responsible for the following weather forecast: "Increasing high cloudiness and cold this morning. Clouds increasing and lowering this afternoon with a chance of snow or rain tonight. Precipitation ending tomorrow morning. Turning much warmer. Winds light easterly today becoming southeasterly tonight and southwesterly tomorrow." |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| When two air masses collide at a front, one air mass is pushed upward by the other. This is because |
|
Definition
| b. one air mass is denser than the other. |
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Term
| Which of the following is not correct concerning a warm front? |
|
Definition
| b. it has warm air ahead (in advance) of it |
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Term
| A funnel cloud or tornado may develop from this rotating cloud that extends beneath a severe thunderstorm. |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| A hook-shaped echo on a radar screen often indicates |
|
Definition
| c. the possible presence of a tornado-producing thunderstorm. |
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Term
| Air mass thunderstorms only last about one hour and begin to dissipate when |
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Definition
| c. when the downdraft spreads throughout the cloud and cuts off the updraft. |
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Term
| Along a coastline, most hurricane damage is caused by |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| An intense storm of tropical origin that forms over the Pacific Ocean adjacent to the west coast of Mexico would be called a |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| Downdrafts spread throughout a thunderstorm during the ____ stage. |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| Hurricane winds rotate in a clockwise direction |
|
Definition
| b. in the Southern Hemisphere only. |
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Term
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Definition
|
|
Term
| If a tornado is rotating in a counterclockwise direction and moving toward the northeast, the greatest windspeed relative to the ground will be on its ____ side. |
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Definition
|
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Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Most squall line thunderstorms form |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| On a surface weather map, this marks the boundary where a warm, dry air mass encounters a warm, moist air mass. |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| Pressure at the center of a hurricane is ____ than the surroundings at the surface and ____ than the surroundings aloft. |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| The most frequent time of day for tornadoes to form is in the |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| The most likely time for an air mass thunderstorm to form is |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| The skies in the center (eye) of a hurricane are often cloud free. This is because the air in the eye |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| The strongest winds in a hurricane are found |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| The upper part of a thunderstorm cloud is normally ____ charged, and the middle and lower parts are ____ charged. |
|
Definition
| d. positively, negatively |
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|
Term
| Which below forms only over water? |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| Which would you not expect to observe as the eye of a hurricane passes directly over your area? |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| A positive feedback mechanism |
|
Definition
| a. acts to reinforce an initial change. |
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|
Term
| Evidence suggests that throughout much of the earth's history, the global climate was |
|
Definition
| a. warmer than it is today. |
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|
Term
| For CO2 to produce a global warming of between 1 |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| If the earth were in a warming trend, which of the processes below would most likely act as a negative feedback mechanism? |
|
Definition
| b. increasing the snow cover around the earth |
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Term
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Definition
|
|
Term
| Locations at middle latitudes with monthly average temperatures in the winter that are below 64 |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| Most of Canada lies within which climatic type? |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| Over the past 100 years or so, it appears that average global temperatures have |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| The climate classification for a region with average monthly temperatures that remain above 64 |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| The global distribution of precipitation is closely associated with |
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Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| a. temperature and precipitation. |
|
|
Term
| The Milankovitch Theory proposes that climatic changes are due to |
|
Definition
| a. variations in the earth's orbit as it travels around the sun. |
|
|
Term
| The rainiest places in the world are usually located |
|
Definition
| c. on the windward side of mountains. |
|
|
Term
| Thick sheets of ice advanced over North America as far south as New York as recently as |
|
Definition
| c. 18,000 to 22,000 years ago. |
|
|
Term
| Which below is not characteristic of a tropical wet climate? |
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Definition
| b. extremely high afternoon temperatures, usually much higher than those experienced in middle latitudes |
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Term
| Which letter below is not used to represent one of K |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| Which of the following climatic regions would probably have the largest daily temperature range? |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| Which of the following has been used to reconstruct past climates? |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| Which of the following is considered a climatic control? |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| Which of the following is not true? |
|
Definition
| b. oxygen 16 and oxygen 18 are found in roughly equal amounts in ocean water |
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|
Term
| At middle latitudes in the Northern Hemisphere, we can expect the day with the shortest number of daylight hours to occur around |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| At which temperature would the earth be radiating energy at the greatest rate or intensity? |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| In a volume of air near the earth's surface, ____ occupies 78% and ____ nearly 21% |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| Most of the radiation emitted by a human body is in the form of |
|
Definition
| infrared radiation and is invisible |
|
|
Term
| On which date would the sun's rays be closest to being perpendicular to the earth's surface in the middle latitudes of the Northern Hemisphere? |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| Since the turn of this century, CO2 in the atmosphere has |
|
Definition
| been increasing in concentration |
|
|
Term
| The amount of force exerted over an area of surface is called |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| The atmospheric greenhouse effect is produced mainly by the |
|
Definition
| absorption and re-emission of infrared radiation by the atmosphere |
|
|
Term
| The concentration of this gas in the atmosphere can range from about 0% to near 3 or 4%. |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| The earth's first atmosphere was composed primarily of |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| The processes of condensation and freezing |
|
Definition
| both release heat into the environment |
|
|
Term
| The rate at which temperature decreases with increasing altitude is known as the |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| the direction from which the wind is blowing |
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|
Term
| This process causes rising air to cool |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Which of the following determine the kind (wavelength) and amount of radiation that an object emits? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Which of the following gases are mainly responsible for the atmospheric greenhouse effect in the earth's atmosphere? |
|
Definition
| water vapor and carbon dioxide |
|
|
Term
| Which of the following is one of the main causes of the seasons? |
|
Definition
| the changing distance between the earth and the sun |
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|
Term
| Which of the following weather elements always decreases as we climb upward in the atmosphere? |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| An important reason for the rapid nightly temperature decrease in a desert is that |
|
Definition
| there is little water vapor in the air to absorb and re-radiate infrared radiation |
|
|
Term
| As the air temperature increases, the amount of water vapor that can be present does what? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Suppose that yesterday morning you noticed ice crystals (frost) on the grass, yet the minimum air temperature reported by the weather service was 35 degrees F. Why was the minimum temperature well above freezing, despite the formation of ice crystals? |
|
Definition
| air temperature is measured about 5 feet above the ground level |
|
|
Term
| Cirrus clouds are composed primarily of what? |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| This type of fog forms mainly on clear, nearly-calm nights |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| In a room a humidifier is used to add water vapor. The room's air temperature does not change. How does the vapor pressure change? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| If water vapor is 3.5% of the atmosphere and the measured air pressure is 1000 mb, the vapor pressure would be what? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| In clear weather the nighttime air immediately next to the ground is usually _____ the air one meter above the ground |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| One would expect the highest temperatures to be found immediately next to the ground on what sort of day? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| If the air temperature in a room is 70 degrees F, the saturation vapor pressure is 25 mb, the dew point temperature is 45 degrees F, and the vapor pressure is 10 mb, then the relative humidity must be what? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Suppose that outside the air is saturated. The air temperature and dew point are both 15 degrees F, and the vapor pressure is 3 mb. If this air is brought indoors and warmed to 75 degrees F, what would the relative humidity of this air be, assuming that its moisture content does not change? (The saturation vapor pressure at 75 degrees F is 30 mb.) |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| Suppose that in for a given situation at 20 degrees F, the atmosphere is saturated with water vapor. If the air temperature increases to 60 degrees F, with no addition or removal of water vapor, The dew point temperature is |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| The temperature to which air must be cooled in order to become saturated is called the what? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| relates body heat loss with wind to an equivalent temperature with no wind |
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|
Term
| When naming clouds, the prefix "strato" indicates what? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Which type of cloud is associated with steady light precipitation? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Which type of cloud with the greatest vertical size? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| A station model has the coded pressure of 034. What was the observed pressure? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| The wind arrow on a station model has three long "barbs" and one short one at its end. What is the indicated wind speed? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Station models have circles at their centers to mark the location of the observing station. The inside of the circle is used to indicate |
|
Definition
| the observed amount of cloud cover |
|
|
Term
| A conditionally unstable atmosphere is ____ with respect to unsaturated air and ____ with respect to saturated air. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| A rising parcel of air that does not exchange heat with its surroundings is referred to as |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| An inversion represents an extremely stable atmosphere because air that rises into the inversion will eventually become ____ and ____ dense than the surrounding air |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| If a parcel of unsaturated air with a temperature of 30° C rises from the surface to an altitude of 1000 m, the unsaturated parcel temperature at this altitude would be about |
|
Definition
| 10° C colder than at the surface |
|
|
Term
| If an air parcel is given a small push upward and it falls back to its original position, the atmosphere is said to be |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| If the environmental lapse rate is 5° C per 1000 m and the temperature at the earth's surface is 25° C, then the air temperature at 2000 m above the ground is |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Most thunderstorms do not extend very far into the stratosphere because the air in the stratosphere is |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Radar gathers information about precipitation in clouds by measuring the |
|
Definition
| amount of energy reflected back to a transmitter |
|
|
Term
| The difference between the "moist" and "dry" adiabatic rates is due to the fact that |
|
Definition
| latent heat is released by a rising parcel of saturated air |
|
|
Term
| The vertical motion of air caused by sun heating the ground is called |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What two sets of conditions, working together, will make the atmosphere the most unstable? |
|
Definition
| warm the surface and cool the air aloft |
|
|
Term
Which cloud type below would most likely form in an unstable atmosphere?
cumulonimbus
stratus
cirrostratus
nimbostratus
cumulus humilis |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Which condition below would make a layer of air more unstable?
an increase in wind speed
lifting the entire air layer
cooling the upper part of the layer
all of these |
|
Definition
| cooling the upper part of the layer |
|
|
Term
Which of the following environmental lapse rates would represent the most unstable conditions in a layer of unsaturated air?
1° C per 1000 m
3° C per 1000 m
6° C per 1000 m
9° C per 1000 m
11° C per 1000 m |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Which of the following is not a way of producing clouds?
lifting air along a topographic barrier
lifting air along a front
warming the surface of the earth
convergence of surface air
air motions caused by subsidence |
|
Definition
| air motions caused by subsidence |
|
|
Term
Which of the following sets of conditions would produce a cumulus cloud with the lowest base?
air temperature 90° F, dew point temperature 50° F
air temperature 90° F, dew point temperature 40° F
air temperature 90° F, dew point temperature 60° F Correct
air temperature 90° F, dew point temperature 20° F |
|
Definition
| air temperature 90° F, dew point temperature 60° F |
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