Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| Where does normal haematopoeisis occur |
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Definition
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Term
| Where does extramedullary hematopoeisis occur |
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Definition
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Term
| What signals haematopoeisis |
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Definition
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Term
| Name 6 causes of renal hypoxia |
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Definition
Reduced renal blood flow
Cardiopulmonary disease
Haemorrhage
Hypotension
High altitude
Reduced Haemoglobin concentrations |
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Term
| How does renal hypoxia result in haematopoeisis |
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Definition
| Renal hypoxia leads to erythropoeitin production which leads to RBC production |
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Term
| What are the three main definitions of anaemia |
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Definition
Reduced RBC mass
Reduced RBC volume
Reduced haemoglobin concentration |
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Term
| What are the 3 main headings by which anaemia is classified |
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Definition
Regenerative vs non regenerative
Haemolytic vs non haemolytic
Acute vs chronic |
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Term
| What are some of the main clinical presentations of acute anaemia |
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Definition
Weakness
Syncope
Tachycardia
Weak pulse
Exercise intolerance
Tachypnoea
Dyspnoea
Haemic murmur |
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Term
| What is a haemic murmur? What causes it? |
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Definition
| Reduced viscosity of the blood |
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Term
| What are some of the main clinical presentations of chronic anaemia |
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Definition
The same as acute anaemia except the animal may tolerate it more
Weakness
Syncope
Tachycardia
Weak pulse
Exercise intolerance
Tachypnoea
Dyspnoea
Haemic murmur |
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Term
| What are the 4 main tests used in investigating anaemia |
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Definition
Haematology
Biochemistry
Urinanalysis
Faecal analysis |
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Term
| What are some of the more specific and some of the more peripheral tests that can be used to investigate anaemia |
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Definition
Autoagglutination
ACTH stimulation
Diagnostic imaging
Endoscopy
Coomb's test
Clotting profiles
Bone marrow aspirates and biopsies |
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Term
| What type of tube would you collect blood in for haematology |
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Definition
| EDTA - orange bottle usually in Eamonn's |
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Term
| What are some of the crucial measurements in haematology for assessing anaemia |
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Definition
Packed cell volume
Haemoglobin
RBC count
platelet count
Leucocyte count |
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Term
| What haematological test will help assess what type of anaemia you are dealing with |
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Definition
Mean cell haemoglobin concentration
Mean cell volume
Mean cell haemoglobin |
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Term
| What are some of the main RBC morphology used to assess and diagnose anaemia |
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Definition
Polychromasia
Macrocytsis
Microcytosis
Hypochromasia
Spherocytosis
Schistocytosis
Nucleated RBC |
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Term
| What can a reticulocyte count help evaluate |
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Definition
| Whether the anaemia is regenerative or not |
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Term
| What will a platelet count help evaluate |
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Definition
| Whether the anaemia is due to haemorrhage either internal or external |
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Term
| What does polychromasia indicate |
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Definition
| that the anaemia is regenerative |
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Term
| What does macrocytosis indicate |
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Definition
it can be normal
folate deficiency
FeLV
FIV
can also indicate anaemia is regenerative |
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Term
| What does microcytosis indicate |
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Definition
can be normal
erythrocytosis (high RBC)
portosystemic shunt |
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Term
| What does hypochromasia indicate |
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Definition
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Term
| What does sphereocytosis indicate |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| when the RBC are not biconcave |
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Term
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Definition
| When parts of the cells are cleaved off |
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Term
| What does schistocytosis indicate |
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Definition
That there is turbulence in the blood vessels
Could be caused by DIC
Haemangiosarcoma |
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Term
| What are the 3 main things and the 4 lesser things examined in Biochemistry in investigating anaemia |
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Definition
Main
Urea, bilirubin, albumin
Lesser
Hyperkalaemia, hypercalcaemia, hyponatraemia, hypercholestrolaemia |
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Term
| What does elevated urea and creatinine mean in anaemia |
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Definition
| renal failure leading to lack of erythropoeitin production |
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Term
| What does elevated urea with no renal failure mean in anaemia |
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Definition
blood loss in the upper GIT
May be regen but becoming non regen |
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Term
| What does bilirubin indicate |
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Definition
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Term
| What can albumin be used to determine in anaemia |
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Definition
acute haemorrhage vs chronic and haemolytic
Decreased in acute haemorrhage but normal otherwise |
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Term
| Hyperkalaemia can indicate what in anaemia |
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Definition
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Term
| Hyponatraemia can indicate what in anaemia |
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Definition
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Term
| What will also be found in addisons disease in haematology |
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Definition
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Term
| What can hypercalcaemia indicate in anaemia |
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Definition
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Term
| What can hypercholestrolaemia indicate in anaemia |
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Definition
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Term
| What are the 3 main things looked at in urinanalysis |
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Definition
Specific gravity
Haemoglobinuria
Haematouria |
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Term
| What can urine specific gravity indicate in anaemia |
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Definition
| Renal failure if it is low meaning decreased erythropoeitin production |
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Term
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Definition
| When haemoglobin is found in the urine indicating haemolysis and the entire urine is red with no settling |
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Term
| What does haemoglobinuria indicate |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| When red blood cells are present in the urine which indicates renal haemorrhage and presents with the first part of the urine flow as red and it will settle in the container |
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Term
| What does haematouria indicate |
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Definition
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Term
| How does haematouria present clinically |
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Definition
| First part of the urinal flow will be red and it will be seen to settle in the container |
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