Term
| Approx. timeline of early humans, from the appearance of 1st humans to the domestication of animals |
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Definition
- 6 mill. yrs ago - appearance of 1st humans
- 3.2 mill. yrs ago - beginning of paleolithic age
- 2.5 mill yrs ago - Homo habilis
- 1.4 mill. yrs ago - Homo erectus
- 100,000 yrs ago - Homo sapiens
- 8000-3000 BCE - Neolithic Age
- 8000 BCE - Founding of Jericho
- 7000 BCE - Worldwide development of agriculture
- 4000 BCE - Domestication of animals
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Term
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Definition
| Paleontologist study fossilized remains |
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Term
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Definition
| Dendrochronology is tree-ring dating |
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Term
| Prehistory is divided into which 2 eras? |
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Definition
Prehistory is divided into
The Paleolithic Age (aka Old Stone Age)
and the
Neolithic Age |
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Term
| The Paleolithic Age extended from the appearance of the 1st _____ to about ____ BCE. |
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Definition
| The Paleolithic Age extended from the appearance of the 1st hominids (humanlike creature that walks upright) to about 8000 BCE. |
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Term
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Definition
| Hominid - human-like creature that walks upright |
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Term
| Oldest known hominid - name, who discovered it, where |
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Definition
| "Lucy" is the oldest known hominid, discovered by Donald Johanson in Ethiopia, 1974. An Australopithecenes (hominid close in appearance to modern humans) |
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Term
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Definition
| Australopithecenes - hominid close in appearance to modern humans |
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Term
| What did Mary Leakey discover? |
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Definition
| In 1977, Mary Leakey discovered footprints of 2 australopithecenes walking side by side in Tanzania |
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Term
1st species to be classified in the same Homo species as modern humans
Who discovered it & where |
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Definition
| Homo habilis ("handy man") 1st species to be classified in Homo species, discovered by Louis Leakey in the early 1960s in Tanzania |
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Term
| Homo habilis was found with |
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Definition
| Homo habilis was found with tools fashioned for hunting and butchering animals |
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Term
| Homo Erectus came after which Homo species? was discovered by who and where? Found with what? Name 2 examples |
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Definition
Homo erectus replaced homo habilis.
Homo erectus was an upright hominid discovered by Richard Leakey in Kenya, 1984.
Found with a hand ax & butchering tools.
Java Man & Peking Man (found in Indonesia and China) are 2 examples of homo erectus |
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Term
| Which species did Homo sapien replace? |
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Definition
| Homo sapiens (100,000 yrs ago) replaced Homo erectus |
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Term
| Define Homo sapiens. List characteristics (5) |
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Definition
Homo sapeins ("wise human")
Possessed greater capacity for speech
Knew how to use fire for warmth & cooking & warding off animals
Burial rituals
Artwork
Utilized stone quartzite tools |
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Term
What are the 2 theories explaining the diffusion of humans?
Which one is more widely accepted? |
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Definition
The 2 theories on the diffusion of humans
Multiregional Model : maintains that in each region of subsequent migration, Homo erectus evolved into Homo sapien
Out-of-Africa model: argues that Homo erectus evolved into Homo sapiens only in Africa. (Most widely accepted model) |
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Term
| According to the Out-of-Africa theory, when did "races" emerge, and why? |
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Definition
| As recently as 5,000 yrs ago, differences in skin pigmentation occurred as an adaptation to various environments |
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Term
| Cro-Magnon man - scientific name, what it replaced |
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Definition
| Cro-Magnon man (Homo sapiens sapiens) replaced Neanderthal man (Homo sapiens) in Europe, according to the Out-of-Africa theory, then diffused throughout the Americas, Australia, the Arctic, and Asia |
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Term
| Other word for Homo sapiens |
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Definition
| Homo sapiens = Neanderthal |
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Term
| Role of paleolithic women |
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Definition
| Paleolithic women primary role - bearing & rearing children, tending the fire & dwelling |
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Term
| Development of language occured primarily because... |
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Definition
| Development of language occured primarily because it facilitated the efforts of the paleolithic man to coordinate hunting strategies |
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Term
| First example of paleolithic artwork found in... |
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Definition
| Lascaux caves of Southern France and Caves of Altamira in Northern Spain |
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Term
| Which Homo species 1st began burial rituals? |
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Definition
| Neanderthal (homo sapiens) buried their dead, left evidence of funeral rituals & offerings left w/ the dead (perhaps indicating belief in afterlife) |
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Term
| Neolithic Age also known as |
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Definition
| Neolithic Age = Agricultural Revolution |
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Term
| What caused the change from hunting/gathering of the Paleolithic Age to the agricultural movement of the Neolithic Age? |
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Definition
| Ice Ages during the Paleolithic man's time made hunting difficult - many of the big-game animals became extinct. After the last Ice Age ended (around 7000 BCE) hunting was insufficient; people began tilling the soil |
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Term
| How did roles of women change in Neolithic Age? |
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Definition
| Development of agriculture in Neolithic Age heightened status of women b/c they were earliest farmers. Clay fertility goddesses found among artifacts of early villages |
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Term
| What were 2 of the earliest towns, and where are there? |
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Definition
| Jericho (in modern-day Palestine) and Catal Huyuk in present-day Turkey. |
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Term
Jericho
location
primary resources
other characteristics |
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Definition
Jericho, one of the earliest towns
located in modern-day Palestine
Relied on cultivation of wheat & barley
Featured tall, thick city walls
Trade center; connected places such as Anatolia with area around Red Sea
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Term
Catal Huyuk
location
relied on...
describe dwellings |
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Definition
Catal Huyuk in modern day Turkey, one of earliest towns
most advanced community of the Neolithic Age
Relied on long-distance trade and the labor of artisans
mud-dried brick houses w/ flat roofs |
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Term
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Definition
| Agriculture led to the 1st permanent settlements, population growth, and specialization of labor |
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