Term
| The #1 cause of leading death in ages 1-17 years old |
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Definition
Trauma:
90% blunt trauma
10% penetrating trauma
46% involve a motor vehicle |
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Term
| The age group most commonly hit by cars |
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Definition
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Term
| What are common trauma prevention devices? |
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Definition
| Seat belts, helmets, car seats |
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Term
| What fraction of deaths in children are preventable? |
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Definition
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Term
| Where is the most common place poisoning occurs? |
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Definition
| Home 90.8 % ; 36% as a result of grandparents |
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Term
| What age group is the most at risk for poisoning? |
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Definition
| 2/3 are less than 6 years old |
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Term
| What plants are poisonous if ingested? |
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Definition
| Poinsettia, azalea flowers, oleander |
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Term
| What do you want a child to avoid doing if they have ingested bleaches, disinfectants, or detergents? |
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Definition
| You want the child to avoid vomiting because these products can cause damage to the esophagus on the way back up. It then causes swelling that could obstruct the airway. |
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Term
| What are risk factors for child poisoning? |
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Definition
| Early in the morning, vacation, moving, grandparents visiting, illness in family member, during an argument, child is hungry, when animals are present, |
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Term
| What is the maximum safe crib slot size? |
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Definition
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Term
| How long should a child be placed in a rear facing carseat? |
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Definition
| Until 20 lbs (around 2 years of age) |
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Term
| How long should formula be can formula be left out of the refrigerator? |
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Definition
| 4 hours (no 'merrying' old & new formula) |
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Term
| What type of balloons are acceptable for infants? |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
Sunlight, faucets, stovetop
Sunscreen can be applied after 180 days of life. |
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Term
| Before infants begin crawling and touching, what anticipatory guidance can be given to help a parent "child proof" the house? |
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Definition
| Put plugs in wall sockets |
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Term
| Should bumpers be firm or squishy in cribs? |
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Definition
| Firm to avoid suffocation |
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Term
| Why should parent NOT use sheepskin as a blanket for infants? |
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Definition
| The baby may place its face in the fur causing it to re-breathe CO2 |
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Term
| How should pools be kept in order to prevent child drowning? |
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Definition
| Covered. The child should always be supervised when playing on or around the pool. |
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Term
| What are safety risks for toddlers who walk? |
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Definition
| Falling, corners or sharp edges on furniture, climbing, fire fascination, wandering off, ingestion of hazardous items |
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Term
| What foods should not be allowed until age 3 because of potential chocking hazards? |
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Definition
| Popcorn, nuts, hot dogs, grapes |
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Term
| What are safety risks for preschoolers? |
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Definition
| Riding toys, playground accidents, dog bites |
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Term
| What are safety risks for school-age children? |
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Definition
| Bikes, sports injuries, competitive games, exploration, throwing rocks, hit by a car, eye injuries |
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Term
| What are some home safety procedures a nurse can recommend a parents to teach school-age children? |
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Definition
| What to say when answering the phone, when to answer the door bell, fire drill, headphone volume |
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Term
| What are adolescent Safety risks? |
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Definition
| Driving a car, alcohol/drug abuse, outdoor sports, firearms |
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Term
| Common family medications |
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Definition
1. Calcium channel blockers
2. beta blockers
3. Anti depressants
4. Lomotil
5. Ritalin
6. Benadryl
7. prenatal vitamins with iron
8. Tylenol
9. Aspirin |
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Term
| Adverse Rxn of Calcium channel blockers or beta blockers |
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Definition
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Term
| Adverse Rxn of benadryl or antidepressants |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| CNS & Respiratory depression |
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Term
| Adverse Rxn of vitamins with iron |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| Tachycardia, tremors, & hypertension |
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Term
| Important questions to answer when assessing a poisoned child |
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Definition
1. What
2. how much
3. when
4. the weight of the child
5. Ask for the bottle |
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Term
| Where to look for residual of poison on a child? |
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Definition
| Clothes & around the mouth; 40% of children do not actually ingest the toxins |
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Term
| Signs & symptoms of caustic poisoning |
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Definition
1. Burns to mouth, esophagus
2. drooling, white mucous membranes |
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Term
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Definition
1. Dilute caustic with water
2. The MD will use an endoscope monitor to monitor blood gases
3. Steroids will be used |
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Term
| Signs & symptoms of salicylate poisoning |
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Definition
| tinnitus, metabolic acidosis, seizures |
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Term
| Tx for salicylate poisoning |
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Definition
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Term
| Salicylate poisoning in a 2 year old |
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Definition
| 6 adult aspirin or 3 extra strength or 24 baby ASA |
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Term
| How long does it take enteric coated ASA to peak? |
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Definition
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Term
| Signs & symptoms of acetaminophen poisoning Phase I |
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Definition
| First 24 hours Sweating, nausea, & vomiting, malaise |
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Term
| Signs & symptoms of acetaminophen poisoning Phase II |
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Definition
| 24-36 hours right upper quadrant pain |
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Term
| Signs & symptoms of acetaminophen poisoning Phase III |
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Definition
| 3-5 days patient gets better or patient dies (10%) or irreversible liver damage |
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Term
| How long do you have from the time of ingestion to perform lavage on a poisoned patient? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is the Tx for acetaminophen poisoning? |
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Definition
1. Within 1 hour; lavage
2. Activated charcoal, cathartic, Mucomyst (oral acetylcysteine)
3. IV acetylcysteine (acetadote) |
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Term
| What is the antidote for acetaminophen? |
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Definition
Acetadote (IV acetylcysteine)
Mucomyst (Oral acetylcysteine) |
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Term
| Features of carbon monoxide poisoning |
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Definition
It is Colorless, ordorless
O2 saturation devices may read 100% |
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Term
| Sources of carbon monoxide poisoning |
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Definition
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Term
| mechanism of carbon monoxide poisoning |
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Definition
| Hemoglobin form carboxy hemoglobin bonds that have a higher affinity than oxygen |
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Term
| Signs & symptoms of carbon monoxide poisoning |
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Definition
| RED CHERRY LIPS, SOB, headache, nausea, dizziness, confusion, convulsion |
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Term
| Tx of carbon monoxide poisoning |
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Definition
| 100% Oxygen dissolves into plasma and slowly binds with hemoglobin |
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Term
| Residual complications from carbon monoxide poisoning |
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Definition
| Can cause learning disorder and behavioral problems |
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Term
| Sources of lead poisoning |
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Definition
| Lead paint (home built before 1978), dust, glazes in pottery with acidic juices, piping, shoes of workers |
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Term
| Mechanism of lead poisoning |
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Definition
| Interferes with the production of heme for hemoglobin, NS, kidney |
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Term
| Signs & symptoms lead poisoning |
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Definition
Low levels (10-25mcg/dl): hyperactivity, distractibility, anemia
High levels (70 mcg/dl): ataxia, encephalopathy |
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Term
| Why is lead poisoning seen more in children? |
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Definition
Children have high fat intake, low calcium, and low iron
Higher risk for child 7 and under |
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Term
| Assessing for Lead poisoning |
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Definition
Measure lead in blood, lead should be less than <5 mg/dl
Healthy people 2020 goals for lead <2mg/dl
Lead deposits can be seen for up to 20 years |
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Term
| Why do children chew on lead based paint chips? |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
Chelation therapy IV/IM for blood levels above 45 mg/dl
3-5 day tx; Eliminated through the bowels
Oral Meds: Susomer, Pennicillamine |
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Term
| Chelation Adverse effects |
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Definition
IV can cause Kidney damage & arrhythmias
IM is painful & can cause HTN, headache, fever, kidney damage |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| Preventative measures for lead poisoning |
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Definition
1. Increase calcium and iron
2. Wash hands & mouth before meals
3. Eat regular meals because lead is absorbed better on an empty stomach |
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Term
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Definition
Patient lies on left side head down
Rinse 10 ml/kg of saline (monitor same amount in & out)
Suction with largest NG tube that will fit until no more particles |
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Term
| Activated Charcoal Procedures |
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Definition
Activated charcoal absorbs poison
Can be given thru NG tube
or
In opaque cup with sweetener
Best used if done within 1 hour of ingestion |
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Term
| What is used to pass charcoal? |
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Definition
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Term
| How should you rinse eyes? |
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Definition
| Rinse with water initially then use normal saline |
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Term
| What is the poison control phone number? |
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Definition
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