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| Second most sacred Jewish holiday celebrated at the end of the ten-day period of penitence following Rosh Hashanah. A day long ritual of of solomn prayers and fasting in the synogogue, including confession of a catalog of short comings, transgressions, and sins. Just before sunset the entire synogogue chants the Kol Nidre. Leviticus 23:27-36. |
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| Celebrated in Pebruary or March. Commemorates the rescue of Persian Jews from the hands of Hamen. On this day the scroll of Esther is read and gifts are exchanged. Esther 9:20-28. |
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| The most important family festival in Judaism. Celebrated in March or April. Lasts eight days. It commemorates the deliverance of the Jews from Egypt. At special synagogue services held to mark the occasion, the Torah is read, the story of Exodus is recounted, and psalms of praise are chanted. Exodus 11-13. Exodus 34. Leviticus 23. Numbers 33. Deuteronomy 16. |
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| Celebrated fifty days after the festival of Pesach. Celebrated for two days in May or June. It orginally marked the wheat harvest. It now commemorates the anniversary of the giving of the Torah by God to Moses on Mount Sinai. Homes and synagogues are decorated with fresh fruit, plants, and flowers. Readings from the Torah include the books of Exodus and Ruth. Leviticus 23:10-11. Leviticus 23: 15-21. Deuteronomy 16:16. |
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| Escape of the Israelites from Egypt under Moses' leadership. |
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| The frist five books of the Jewish scriptures containing laws and instruction on every aspect of Jewish life. |
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| Acronym for the Masroretic text |
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| The collection of commentaries, traditions, and precendents that supplements Jewish scriptures. |
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| A piece of parchment inscribed with specified Hebrew verses from the Torah. These verses comprise the Jewish prayer "Shim Yisreal." It is affixed to the doorframe of Jewish homes. |
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| In Judaism, two small boxes used by adult males containing parchment slips onto which are inscribed scriptural texts and are bound to the forehead and the left are by straps. |
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| The collection of literary works containing scriptural expositions and interpretations of both legal and nonlegal matters. |
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| A Greek term meaning "dispersion throughout the world," applied to the Jewish people after the downfall of the kingdom of Judah. |
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Documentary hypothesis (JEDP)
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| Holds that the Torah was derived from originally independent, parallel and complete narratives which are subsequently combined into the current form by a series of editors. |
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| Marks the begining of the ecclesiatial year and starts fours Sundays before Christmas. |
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| The two most ubiquitous sacraments |
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| Celebration of Christ's birth. |
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| Observed on January 6. The celebration of the manifestation of Christ. Two incidents are commemorated: the baptism of Christ and the visit of the Magi to Bethlehem. |
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| Observed on the first Sunday after the first full moon following the vernal equinox. Celebrates the crusifiction and resurection of Christ. |
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| A religious organization, especially withing Protestant Christianity, consisting of a number of congregations having autonomous structure and usually distinctive teachings. |
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| In Christianity, the reform movements, especially through the works of Luther, Calvin, and Zwingli. |
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| Christian doctrine that God is revealed in three persons: Father, Son, and Holy Spirit. |
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| In Christianity, a feast observed on March 25, commemorating the appearance of an angel to the Virgin Mary to tell her that she would be conceived by the Holy Spirit to give birth to Jesus. |
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| Literally meaning, "becoming flesh"; physical embodiment of the divine; the Christian doctrine of Jesus Christ as God in human form. |
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| Synoptic problem/Four-document (two source) hypothesis |
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| Concerns the literary relationship between the gospels of Matthew, Mark, and Luke. |
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| The source and fundamental order of the cosmos. |
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1. Profession of faith (shahada)
2. prayer
3. almsgiving
4. fasting
5. pilgimage (Hajj) |
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1. Before etering the most sacred precincts, pilgrims put on a seamless garmet, remove their shoes, and approach the Ka'ba barefoot. They then walk around it seven times, three times quickly and four times slowly.
2. Pilgrims walk seven times quickly across the valley between the two mounds of Safa and Marwa.
3. All pilgrims must arrivve at Mount of Mercy the next morning where they stand before God from noon to sunset, absorbed in meditation. The night is spent outside. The pilgrims then return to Mina and animal sacrifices and three days of feasting follow. There is a final trip arround Mecca and the seamless garments are discarded. |
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| The name of the Islamic scripture |
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| The religion articulated by the Qur'an. It was given by God to the prophet Muhammad. |
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| The rectangular or cubelike temple in Mecca; the center of the Islamic pilgrimage. |
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| The Arabic term meaning "flight";the flight of Muhammad and his diciples from Mecca to Medina on September 24, 622 |
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| The ninth month of the Islamic calendar, during which Muslims fast to commemorate the revelation that came to Muhammad. |
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| The Arabic word for commentary, usually of the Qur'an. |
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| The Arabic word for habit or practice. The Muslim usage of this term refers to the sayings and living habits of Muhammad. |
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| The title given to the collection of Islamic traditions, especially the sayings and actions of the Prophet Muhammed. |
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| Islamic divine law or regulations. |
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| A followerof the majority branch of Islam who considers the successor to Muhammad to be chosen by the Muslim community. |
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| The branch of Islam that accepted `Ali ibn Abi-Talib, Muhammad's son-in-law, as the Prophet's legitimate successor. |
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| One who follows the mystical path of Islam |
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| A genre of Islamic exegesis dealing with the problem of seemingly conflicting legal material |
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| The rebellious angels in Islam;genies, evil spirits |
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| Distortion of the Greek word diabolos, an Islamic term for devil or Satan |
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| An Arabic term meaning "holy war." |
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