Term
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Definition
| ___ respiratory infections are the most common respiratory problem. They are self-limiting and include the common cold caused by viruses. |
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Definition
| ___ respiratory syndromes are usually childhood and include croup and bronchiolitis. |
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Definition
| ___ respiratory tract disease can occur at any age and include pneumonia. |
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Term
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Definition
| ___ is the barking cough middle respiratory syndrome. |
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Term
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Definition
| ___ is acute inflammation of the lung. |
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Term
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Definition
| ___ is the #5 cause of death in USA, #3 in children <3years. Microscopically it is an acute inflammation. |
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Term
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Definition
| Pneumonia heals by ___ ___. |
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Term
| With antibiotics and it can affect one or both lungs (double pneumonia) |
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Definition
| How is pneumonia treated? |
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Term
| 1. Strep pneumoniae / 2. Haemophilus influenzae / 3. Staph aureus |
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Definition
| What three bacteria are the most common causes of pneumonia? |
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Term
| Influenza virus / Herepesvirus / Cytomegalovirus / and can be reactivated in the immunosuppressed |
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Definition
| Which viruses cause pneumonia? |
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Term
| Aspergillus flavus / Candida albicans / Pneumocystic carinii |
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Definition
| Which fungi can cause pneumonia? |
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Term
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Definition
| ___ ___ is a bacteria-like organism that cause pneumonia. |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| ___ pneumonia is inflammation of the air sac spaces. It is usually bacterial. |
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Term
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Definition
| T/F: Alveolar pneumonia is usually viral. |
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Term
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Definition
| ____ pneumonia affects the area in the lungs between the cells (connective tissue of the lung). Inflammation is usually in the septum and is often viral. |
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Term
| True! Alveolar is bacterial! |
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Definition
| T/F: Interstitial pneumonia is usually viral. |
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Term
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Definition
| ___ is deeper in the lung and can affect on or both lungs. |
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Term
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Definition
| ___ pneumonia is caused by throwing up while unconscious. |
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Term
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Definition
| ____ is the causative organism in tuberculosis. |
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Term
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Definition
| ___ tuberculosis is most commonly a localized lung inflammation. |
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Term
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Definition
| ___ ___ is a small focus of tuberculosis pneumonia in the mid lung. |
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Term
| Ghon Complex (aka Scrofula) |
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Definition
| ____ ___ develops in Primary tuberculosis if it also involves regional lymph nodes. |
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Term
| A. Pleural surface / B. Lung parenchyma / C. Contralateral lung |
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Definition
| Explain tuberculosis' lymphatic spread. |
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Term
| A. Bronchial spread in the same lung / B. Spread to the larynx / C. Aspirated TB swallowed into the esophagus leads to intestinal TB |
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Definition
| Explain the tuberculosis spread through airways. |
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Term
| Meningitis, tuberculosis of the urogenital tract and bone tuberculosis |
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Definition
| Explain tuberculosis' hematogenous spread. |
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Term
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Definition
| What percentage of COPD sufferers are smokers? |
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Term
| Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (Chronic bronchitis) |
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Definition
| ______ is a clinical syndrome characterized by coughing up sputum on most days for at least 3 months a year for 2 or more years. |
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Term
| A clinical syndrome characterized by coughing up sputum on most days for at least 3 months a year for 2 or more years. |
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Definition
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Term
| Emphysema, it is associated with chronic bronchitis but is not the result of it. |
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Definition
| ___ is the enlargement of the air spaces distal to the terminal bronchiole, with destruction of the alveolar wall. It affects chronic cigarette smokers. |
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Term
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Definition
| T/F: The pulmonary lesions of emphysema are reversible. |
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Term
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Definition
| ___ is also called pink puffer, presenting clinically with barrel chest, dyspnea, hunched-over, trying to expel air, hyperventilation. |
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Term
| Chronic bronchitis, emphysema |
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Definition
| What are the two diseases associated with COPD? |
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Term
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Definition
| ___ is an episodic reversible bronchoconstriction resulting from increased responsiveness of the airway to various stimuli. It is a common, multifactorial disease. |
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Term
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Definition
| ___ presents clinically with cough, wheezing, and dyspnea. It affects 5% of adults, 10% of kids, M>F and causes 6000 deaths a year. |
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Term
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Definition
| T/F: Asthma affects females > males. |
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Term
| histamine and cytokine release |
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Definition
| All types of asthma result in ___ and ___ release. These cause episodic bronchospasm (smooth muscle contraction), hypersecretion of mucus and diminished ciliary activity. |
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Term
| Steroids or bronchodilators |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| ___ is a multi-system disease with unknown etiology. It is characterized by non-caseating, hard granulomas most commonly in lymph nodes, lungs and spleen. Can be seen in oral cavity also. |
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Term
| True! Twice as common in black women than men. |
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Definition
| T/F: Blacks are most commonly affected with sarcoidosis. |
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Term
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Definition
| ___% of sarcoidosis patients are asymptomatic with potato nodes (enlarged lymph nodes in hilar lung) or fibrosis on routine chest x-ray. |
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Term
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Definition
| Shortness of breath and cough are symptoms of a disease that affects more blacks than white and is characterized by non-caseating granulomas. |
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Term
| True! Corticosteroids to treat advanced disease |
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Definition
| T/F: Most sarcoidosis patients recover with no treatment. |
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Term
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Definition
| ___% of sarcoidosis patients experience progressive pulmonary fibrosis that can cause cor pulmonale and __% die of disease. |
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Term
| Hypersensitivity pneumonitis, patients are abnormally sensitive to the dusts |
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Definition
| ___ ___ is also called allergic alveolitis. It is an immune mediated lung disease caused by inhalation of organic dusts. |
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Term
| moldy hay and actinomycetes |
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Definition
| Farmer's lung is caused by exposure to ___ ___ and ____. |
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Term
| water reservoir and actinomycetes |
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Definition
| Humidifier lung is caused by exposure to ___ ___ and ____. |
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Term
| pigeon droppings and serum |
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Definition
| Pigeon Breeder's disease is caused by exposure to pigeon ___ and ___. |
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Term
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Definition
| ___ is a lung disease caused by inhalation of mineral dusts, fumes, etc. It is a consequence of long term exposure and the most important diseases of this group are silicosis, asbestosis and coal-worker's lung disease. |
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Term
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Definition
| Silicosis, asbestosis and coal-worker's lung disease are important diseases of this group: |
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Term
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Definition
| ___ is caused by a carcinogenic mineral used in manufacturing and industry for many years. It leads to pulmonary fibrosis, pleural fibrosis, pleural plaques, lung cancer and mesothelioma. |
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Term
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Definition
| Lung cancer is the #__ cause of cancer death in industrialized countries. |
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Term
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Definition
| Lung cancer has a poor prognosis, 5year survival rate is ___-___%. |
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Term
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Definition
| ___ ___ ___ is the most common type of lung cancer. It typically affects male smokers, usually central in the lung and is slow growing and may be resectable. |
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Term
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Definition
| T/F: Squamous cell carcinoma typically affects female smokers. |
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Term
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Definition
| ___ is not as strongly linked to smoking. It affects males and females at the same rate. It usually is found at the periphery of the lung and doesn't obstruct the airway, causing it to be diagnosed late. |
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Term
| False! Adenocarcinoma is not as strongly linked to smoking as squamous cell carcinoma |
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Definition
| T/F: Squamous cell carcinoma is not as strongly linked to smoking as adenocarcinoma. |
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Term
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Definition
| ___ frequently leads to extensive metastases because it does not obstruct the airway causing it to be diagnosed late. |
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Term
| Small (oat) cell carcinoma |
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Definition
| ____ cell carcinoma is highly malignant and strongly linked to cigarette smoking. It causes a central or hilar lesion and is almost always inoperable. |
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Term
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Definition
| ___ cell carcinoma is poorly differentiated so it cannot be classified as other type. There is a poor prognosis. |
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Term
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Definition
| ___ carcinoma is strongly linked to EBV. There is a high frequency in southeast asia and metastasizes early. Lump in neck is often the presenting sign. |
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Term
| digestion and ailmentation |
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Definition
| The main function of the gastrointestinal tract is ___ and ___. |
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Term
| squamous, glandular, squamous |
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Definition
| The GI tract is a hollow tube made up of ___ epithelium, lower part of ___ epithelium and then ___ epithelium again. |
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Term
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Definition
| ___ tract of the GI includes the mouth, pharynx, esophagus, stomach and duodenum. |
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Term
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Definition
| ___ tract of the GI includes small and large intestine, appendix, rectum and anus. |
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Term
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Definition
| A ___-___ ___ is a laceration that causes 10-15% of upper GI bleeds. Bleeding is usually moderate and surgery is not required. |
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Term
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Definition
| ___ ___ is when a portion of the stomach protrudes through the edge of the diaphragm. It is extremely common and often asymptomatic. It is more common in adults and increases the risk for GERD. |
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Term
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Definition
| ___ is the #1 type of esophagitis. It is caused by frequent reflux of stomach contents into the esophagus due to an incompetent lower esophageal sphincter. |
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Term
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Definition
| GERD sometimes progresses to ___ ___. Mucosa is more sensitive to injury. |
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Term
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Definition
| The following describes (Squamous cell/adenocarcinoma): less common, lower esophagus, Barret's esophagus leads to metaplasia. |
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Term
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Definition
| The following describes (squamous cell/adenocarcinoma): more common, middle esophagus, smoking/alcohol/diet, p53 mutation in 50%. |
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Term
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Definition
| ___ ___ is a congenital hypertrophy of muscle of pyloric sphincter. It blocks the exit of stomach contents and causes projectile vomiting at age 3-4 weeks. Myotomy surgical correction possible. |
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Term
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Definition
| Chronic peptic ulcers have a strong association with ____ and ___. |
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Term
| more common in older adults |
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Definition
| Chronic gastritis is more common in who? Also metaplasia gives increased risk of gastric adenocarcinoma. |
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Term
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Definition
| (Acute/Chronic) gastritis may cause hemorrhage or erosion. It is caused by damage to the mucosal barrier by NSAIDs, alcohol, tobacco, or critical illness. |
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Term
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Definition
| T/F: Gastric adenocarcinoma is found more common in North America than Japan. |
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Term
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Definition
| ___ ___ is caused by salt, smoked food, chronic atrophic gastritis with intestinal metaplasia, helicobacter or p53 mutation. |
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Term
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Definition
| ___ ___ ___ is usually found in older patients with severe atherosclerosis. Not as much blood flow due to hardening of arteries. |
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Term
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Definition
| ___ ___ is ulceration affecting only the colon. It is characterized with episodes of bloody diarrhea with spontaneous remissions. High risk of bowel cancer. |
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Term
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Definition
| ___ ___ is chronic granulomatous inflammation of any part of the GI tract. "Gum to Bum" |
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Term
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Definition
| A patient with ___ ___ has sharply demarcated segments separated by normal bowel (skip lesions). |
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Term
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Definition
| Complications of ___ ___ include: systemic disease (skin / skeletal muscle / joints / liver / eye / lung), obstruction of GI lumen, fistulas to bowel and other organs, increased cancer of small or large bowel. |
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Term
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Definition
| ___ ___ has an increased risk of cancer in small and large bowel, but is much lower than in ulcerative colitis. |
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Term
| Familial adenomatous polyposis |
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Definition
| ___ ___ ___ is when hundreds of adenomas carpet the colon. 100% get colon cancer young. To treat you must remove entire colon. |
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Term
| Gardner Syndrome (early detection by dental staff may save life) |
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Definition
| ___ ___ is characterized by osteomas, multiple impacted teeth, multiple supernumerary teeth, colon adenomas progress to colon cancer. |
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Term
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Definition
| ____-____ syndrome is a type of hereditary intestinal polyposis where multiple colon polyps (hamartomas not adenomas) increase risk of colon carcinoma but not usually malignant. |
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Term
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Definition
| Pigmentation is classically noted clinically around facial orifices, intraorally, and occasionally on hands and feet in ____-____ ____. Bowel polyps may cause intersusseption or obstruction. |
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Term
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Definition
| Colon malignancies are the #___ cause of cancer death. ___% are adenocarcinoma. |
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Term
| colorectal adenocarcinoma |
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Definition
| Adenomatous polyps are always the precursor to ___ ___. |
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Term
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Definition
| Overall, colorectal adenocarcinoma's prognosis is ___% 5 year survival rate. |
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Term
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Definition
| Screening for colon cancer should start at ___ years, or ___ years if patient has relative with colon cancer. |
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Term
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Definition
| ___ can remove adenomas before they become cancers. This may prevent many cases of colon cancer. |
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