Term
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Definition
| ___ is an abnormal mass of tissue. |
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Term
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Definition
| With a ___, growth occurs even without stimulus. |
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Term
| False! It may or may not form a tumor. |
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Definition
| T/F: A neoplasm always forms a tumor. |
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Term
| #2 cause of death, Oncology |
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Definition
| Cancer is the #__ cause of death. ___ is the study of cancer. |
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Term
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Definition
| The following describe a ___ neoplasm: No pain, resembles cell of origin, slow growth rate with few mitoses, uniform cells, grows locally and stretches overlying tissue. |
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Term
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Definition
| A ___ neoplasm is freely moveable, expands in one area only and the prognosis is usually good. |
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Term
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Definition
| The following describe a ___ neoplasm: may cause pain/numbness/wasting away, rapid growth rate with many mitoses, cells have no specialized function and are different shapes and sizes. |
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Term
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Definition
| A ___ neoplasm invades adjacent tissues, causes ulceration of overlying tissues, may metastasize and often causes death. |
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Term
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Definition
| A ___ neoplasm is encapsulated with a uniform border. |
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Term
| False! But both benign and malignant neoplasms usually occur in middle age -- not always. |
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Definition
| T/F: All benign neoplasms occur in middle-aged people. |
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Term
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Definition
| A ___ neoplasm may mimic an infection and may have be visible radiographically as widening of the PDL or a soap bubble appearance. |
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Term
| False! They are named according to the cell type they resemble MOST. But remember that some break the rules! |
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Definition
| T/F: Tumors are named according to the cell type they resemble least. |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| ___ is an epithelium malignancy affecting epithelial and glandular tissue. |
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Term
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Definition
| Carcinoma spreads through ___ vessels. |
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Term
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Definition
| Carcinoma grows at a ___ rate than sarcoma. |
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Term
| Lipo = Fat tissue / Fibro = Fibrous tissue / Adeno = Glandular tissue / Myo = Muscle / Osteo = Bone |
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Definition
| Lipo = ___ / Fibro = ___ / Adeno = ___ / Myo = ___ / Osteo = ___ |
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Term
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Definition
| ___ is a connective tissue malignancy and affects mesenchymal (CT) tissue. |
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Term
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Definition
| Sarcoma spreads through ___ vessels. |
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Term
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Definition
| Sarcoma grows at a ___ rate than carcinoma. |
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Term
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Definition
| ___ is a benign fatty tumor. ___ is a malignant fatty tumor. |
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Term
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Definition
| ___ is a benign fibrous tumor. ___ is a malignant fibrous tumor. |
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Term
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Definition
| ___ is a benign glandular tumor. ___ is a malignant glandular tumor. |
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Term
| Chondroma / Chondrosarcoma |
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Definition
| ___ is a benign cartilage tumor. ___ is a malignant cartilage tumor. |
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Term
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Definition
| ___ is a benign bone tumor. ___ is a malignant bone tumor. |
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Term
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Definition
| ___ is a benign muscle tumor. ___ is a malignant muscle tumor. |
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Term
| Rhabdo / Rhabdomyoma / Rhabdomyosarcoma |
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Definition
| ___ is a skeletal muscle tumor. ___myoma = benign, ___myosarcoma = malignant. |
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Term
| Leio / Leiomyoma / Leiomyosarcoma |
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Definition
| ___ is a smooth muscle tumor. ___myoma = benign. ___myosarcoma = malignant. |
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Term
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Definition
| ___ is a benign tumor of melanocytes. |
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Term
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Definition
| ___ is a melanocyte malignancy. |
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Term
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Definition
| ___ is a malignancy of blood cells that forms a tissue mass. |
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Term
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Definition
| ___ is a malignancy of blood cells that circulates through the body. |
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Term
| They divide quickly and die fast. It is the first neoplasia-histology stage. |
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Definition
| How do genetically altered cells react? |
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Term
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Definition
| ___ is the neoplasia-histology stage where additional mutations lead to excessive cell proliferation with abnormal cellular features/behaviors. |
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Term
| 3rd stage, more abnormalities, restricted to epithelium. The lesion may remain unchanged or progress to next stage (true neoplasm) |
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Definition
| Carcinoma in situ is the ___ neoplasia-histology stage in which what occurs? |
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Term
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Definition
| The fourth and final stage of neoplasia-histology is __ __ in which further mutations allow cells to invade underlying tissue and may enter bloodsream or lymph system resulting in metastasis and host response. |
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Term
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Definition
| Which neoplasia-histology stage can a lesion remain restricted to epithelium indefinitely or progress to invasive cancer? |
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Term
| Dysplastic, insitu, malignant |
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Definition
| In the ___ stage, a lesion is almost able to invade. In the ___ stage there are just a few mutations. In the ___ stage, the lesion invades and metastasizes. |
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Term
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Definition
| The difference between normal and malignant cells is ____. |
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Term
| False! Cancer is a genetic disease. |
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Definition
| T/F: Cancer is an autoimmune disease. |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| T/F: Point mutations, insertion/deletion, and amplification of genes are permanent changes in DNA. |
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Term
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Definition
| Genes regulate ___ manufacture. |
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Term
| False! Breast and ovarian cancer rates are higher if nulliparous (never had a baby) |
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Definition
| T/F: Breast cancer rates decrease if a woman has never had a baby. |
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Term
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Definition
| T/F: Endometrial cancer rates are high if a patient has too much estrogen. |
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Term
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Definition
| Most cancer deaths occur between ages ___-___ years. |
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Term
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Definition
| Autocrine motility factors allow a tumor to ___. |
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Term
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Definition
| ___ eat up and dissolve the basement membrane surrounding a tumor to allow proliferating tumors to move. |
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Term
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Definition
| ___ is when a proliferating tumor establishes its own blood supply by developing new veins / arteries. |
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Term
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Definition
| ___ cause undesirable cell behavior. |
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Term
| False! Normal cells need stimulus to divide, but cancer cells do not. |
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Definition
| T/F: Cancer cells need stimulus to divide. |
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Term
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Definition
| ___ ___ ___ protect cells against acivated or newly acquired ocogenes. |
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Term
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Definition
| ___ is the best known tumor suppressor gene. |
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Term
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Definition
| ___ is the cell's parking brake. When it mutates it leads to retinoblastoma or osteosarcoma. |
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Term
| p53 (50% of head/neck cancers) |
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Definition
| ___ is mutated or absent in about half of all cancers. |
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Term
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Definition
| Cancer in families in caused by ___ ___ mutation. |
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Term
| True, they also carry a worse prognosis |
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Definition
| T/F: Inherited cancers tend to strike an a younger age. |
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Term
| False, they occur in older patients and have better prognosis |
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Definition
| T/F: Sporadic cancers tend to strike an a younger age. |
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Term
1. Retinoblastoma
2. Gorlin Goltz
3. Neurofibromatosis
4. Gardner
5. Familial adenomatous polyposis coli
6. Wilms' tumor
7. Skin tumors in xeroderma pigmentosum
8. Chromosomal fragility syndromes
(Really Good Nurses Go For Wonderful Sane Cops -- Retinoblastoma, Gorlin Gortz, Neurofibromatosis, Gardner, Familial adenomatous polyposis coli, Wilms' tumor, Skin tumors in xeroderma pigmentosum, Chromosomal fragility syndromes) |
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Definition
| Name 4 of the 8 hereditary cancers. |
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Term
| Really Good Nurses Go For Wonderful Sane Cops -- Retinoblastoma, Gorlin Gortz, Neurofibromatosis, Gardner, Familial adenomatous polyposis coli, Wilms' tumor, Skin tumors in xeroderma pigmentosum, Chromosomal fragility syndromes |
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Definition
| Say the sentence and name the herditary cancers. |
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Term
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Definition
| ___ and ___ syndrome are hereditary cancers called chromosomal fragility syndromes. |
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Term
| False, Japanese women experience it less than American women |
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Definition
| T/F: Women in Japan get breast cancer at same rate as in USA. |
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Term
| epihelial cells, pigmentary cells, dermal connective tissue |
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Definition
| Skin neoplasms can be tumors in ___ cells, ___ cells or ___ ___ ___. |
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Term
| Seborrheic keratosis (benign) |
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Definition
| ___ ___ (aka senile wart) is the most common epithelial skin tumor. |
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Term
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Definition
| T/F: Seborrheic keratosis is a malignant tumor of epithelium. |
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Term
| Basal cell carcinoma, good prognosis |
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Definition
| ___ ___ ___ is the most common malignant skim tumor. |
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Term
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Definition
| ___ ___ ___ is often preceded by actinic keratosis and carcinoma in situ. It has the worst prognosis of the epithelial tumors. |
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Term
| actinic keratosis / carcinoma in situ |
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Definition
| Squamous cell carcinoma is often preceded by ___ ___ and ___ ___ ___. |
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Term
1. Persistent, nonhealing ulcer
2. Ulcer/nodule of irregular shape/indistinct borders
3. Friable/multicolored/bleeding tissue in ulcer
4. Indurated margins of ulcer or tissue around it
5. Indurated skin surrounded by atrophic and keratotic skin typical of sunlight injury |
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Definition
| List 2 of the 5 telltale signs of skin cancer. |
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Term
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Definition
| ___ is a freckle -- flat, <2cm. |
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Term
| Patch (childhood rash), papule (eczema caused by allergy), nodule (nevus), tumor (melanoma) |
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Definition
| ___ is larger than a macule. ___ is slightly elevated, <1cm. ___ raised, >1cm. ___ >5cm. |
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Term
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Definition
| ___ is a fluid-filled elevation of epidermis, <1cm. |
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Term
| Bulla (burn), pustule (impetigo), ulcer (syphilic chancre) |
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Definition
| ___ is a vesicle >1cm. ___ vesicle filled with pus. ___ defect of epidermis. |
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Term
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Definition
| ___ is a flat macule that responds to sunlight. ___ is a macule/papule that is pigmented but does not respond to sun. |
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Term
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Definition
| ___ is congenital or acquired pigmentation in form of macule or papule or nodule. |
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Term
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Definition
| ___ is a highly contagious skin infection mostly seen in children. It is spread by direct contact (daycare) and caused by ___ or ___ organisms. |
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Term
| Impetigo, treated with topical and systemic antibiotics |
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Definition
| ___ lesions benign as erythematous papules that become pustular-rupture with yellow/crusted appearance. |
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Term
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Definition
| ___ is an autoimmune disorder in 1% of the population. |
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Term
| Vitiligo, when melanocytes die skin turns white |
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Definition
| The cause of ___ is unknown. It exhibits lighter appearance of tissue/skin due to loss of pigment and destruction of melanocytes by immune cells. |
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