1.  Ability to write

2.  System of exchange

3.  Weights and measures

________  tested and classified drugs based on their ability to counteract humors.

How did he classify drugs?

Galen

1.  Simple drugs

2.  Composite drugs

3.  Entities

1.  Separation of pharmacy from medicine.

2.  Official supervision of pharmacy practice.

3.  Obligation by oath to prepare drugs reliably, according to skilled art, and in a uniform, suitable quality.

Charles Hepler and Linda Strand

"a patient-centered practice in which the practitioner assumes respnsibility for a patient's drug-related needs and is held accountable for this commitment."

1.  Untreated indications

2.  Improper drug selection

3.  Subtherapeutic dosage

4.  Failure to receive drugs

5.  Overdosage

6.  Adverse drug reactions

7.  Drug interactions

8.  Drug use without indications

Easy access

Fast

User friendly

Familiarity

Reputation

Answer provided

Dated

Trusting that author interpreted info correctly

Not inclusive of all info, may not answer very specific question

Can search for primary literature across wide range of publications

Read abstract before retrieving article

Defining proper search terms

Not all journals indexed in each service

Need to go to primary literature after searching

Evaluate research and original study

Includes reference sources, funding sources, or affliations and locations of study

Requires additional skills to interpret results

May not have access to article

Open access journals and databases

Info outside of traditional publications

Other info (stats, pharmaceutics)

Familiarity

Authorship

Sponsorship

May lack peer review

Search methodology

Prohibited the manufacture/sale of food or drugs that were misbranded or adulterated.

Replaced Federa Food and Drug Act.

Administered and enforced by FDA.

Triggered by sulfanilimide tragedy.

Broadened defn of misbranding and adulteration.

Required new drugs be proven safe & approved by FDA

Labels required to include adequate directions for use.

Warning for narcotic & hypnotic agents required.

Determined safe use of certain drugs could only be achieved under appropriate medical supervision.

Provided for distinction between prescription and non-prescription drugs.

Prescription drugs required to have Federal legend.

Drug efficacy amendments.

Required manufacturers of new drugs to submit proof of effectiveness in addition to safety.

Provided for registration of manufacturers and

inspections of their sites.

Triggered by thalidimine tragedy with babies being born with birth defects.

Established a "closed system" for distribution of controlled substances.

Provides for a classification of drugs based upon potential for abuse.

Most restricted controlled substances.

Contains drugs with no currently accepted medical use.

High potential for abuse.

Lack of accepted safety for use, even when used under medical supervision.

Schedule I Controlled Substance

Example: Heroin

Least restrictive controlled substance.

Includes drugs with accepted medical use.

Low potential for abuse.

Likely to lead only to limited dependence.

Schedule V Controlled Substance

Example: Robitussin with Codeine cough syrup

1.  Establish that the victim does not respond.

2.  Activate your emergency response system.

3.  Head tilt-chin lift.

4.  Check for breathing. (Give 2 rescue breaths)

5.  Start CPR (30:2)