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| A sea in Southern Russia, used to be completely in the Soviet Union. It is fed by Syr Darya and the Amu Darya. Recently, the water level has dropped and the salt level has doubled. Hurts people in the surrounding areas. Blames: Cotton, fertilizers and pesticides. Many people rely on the sea for work Cotton quotas were made by the central state and they forced growth. |
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| Syr Darya, Amu Darya rivers |
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| flow through Aral sea. People rely on the water. It gets polluted. A lot of people using it for equity and the quality is hurt. |
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| Dividing mountains of Europe and Asia. More of a symbolic divider. Divides West and east Russia. East Russia and West Russia = Different. |
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| Steppe- unusable, ukraine-too cold to use in winter, roads to wet to use in Summer East European Plains, Tundra, Forest |
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| Stalin planted a giant network of trees to stop wind and hopefully make more lands usable for farming. |
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| Khrushchev plowed lots of Steppe lands in order to be used for farming. First harvest a great success, but they didn't build enough silos to hold it all. Much was waited. After the first harvest, all others were not good fertilizers were rarely available, erosion happened. |
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| corner in a Russian house, opposite of stove. Used to put icons, religious, soviet or otherwise |
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| Stove, where the Domovoi sleeps. A main staple in the house. Very important and spiritual. |
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| Second winter festival, end of winter. Symbols of the sun. Celebrate the sun "reanimate it". bonfires, sleighs, pancakes, burning the straw dummy with the spirit of maslenitsa |
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| 3 part cycle: birth, wedding, death. Birth was seen as the transition into life and was held in the bathhouse (place of neutrality in village), weddings were composed of courtship and matchmaking, ceremony prep, ceremony, and post-ceremony; the ceremony was seen as the rebirth for the females, death because she must leave her village and move in with husband and birth because she is starting a new chapter in her life (post-ceremony is the only celebration part of the wedding), and death is death |
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| similar to modern cultures calendar holidays, part of the cycle notion of time where the year is composed of three parts: maslenitsa, harvest, and yuletide. |
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| Invited to rule over Novgorod in 862. His lineage lasted until Ivan the terribles son. |
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| From the south east. Kiev Russia. 2 important characteristics- Khazars were active and successful traders. Open to and tolerant of a variety of cultural and religious influences. |
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| Two men who were tasked in writing the scriptures in Slavic. From Greece, tasked by Rastislav |
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| Brought in the Orthodox Church |
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| brought an autocratic system. mongols crumbled, compiled law code. Unified Russia, consolidated and strengthen the authority for the monarch. Ukraine from Poland |
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| Ivan IV- Ivan the terrible |
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| hated the boyars, printing press, trading connections, cathedral, restricted peasants. |
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| no moving for 5 years at first. |
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| Mentally deficient successor of Ivan the IV (The terrible |
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| Nobles do not own the land and are bound to the Tsar |
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| Nobles own the land are are not bound to the Tsar |
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| Wall of icons and religious paintings, separating the nave from the sanctuary in a church. Links, not separates |
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| someone who performs iconoclasm- destruction of religious symbols or by extension established dogma conventions |
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| Dvoeverie (dual belief, double belief) |
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| Doing christian stuff, but still performing ancient rituals and pagan believe |
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| spirit of the congregation, Group rather than the individual. Community |
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| Third RomeUlozhenie/Law Code of 1649- |
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| People who rejected Nikons reforms towards the greek church of the time. He wanted everything different to be amended. |
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| Nikon tried to get the church to be superior to the Tsar, but that was rejected to have two coordinated entities. |
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| Foreign Quarter (or German Quarter)- |
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| A community where all of the Europeans live, intellectuals |
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| Tried to reform the Russian Church, make it more Greek. He tried to make the Church more powerful than the Tsar. He failed and got killed. |
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| Peter the great. Lots of reforms. Religions: disliked Nikon as well as his position, wanted a council instead. Recognized the constitution of the Holy Synod. Calendar reformation, Compulsory Education of the Russian Nobility. Duties of the Senate. Built factories, promoted knowledge of specific trade skills, ie navigation. Founding of the Academy. First newspaper. |
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| A ware that lasted from 1700-1721. The greater part of Peter The Greats reign. It was against Sweden. Obj: 1: Beat Sweden, 2: Open up passage to Europe through he Baltic sea. |
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| Leader of the Swedish forces |
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| The decisive victory of Peter the great over Sweden |
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| Created by Peter the great, Establish justice, supervise governmental expenditures, to collect as much money as possible, to recruit young noblemen for officer training, to reform letters of exchange and keep these in one place. Inventory, salt, china, and Persia trade. |
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| Highest governing body of the orthodox church. |
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| In St. Petersburg More moderate, end of serfdom but no land, voting rights only for land owners. |
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| In the Ukraine Army HQ, More Radical, end serfdom, lands belongs to those who cultivate it, vote to all men over 20 |
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| Constantine and Constitution- |
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| rally cry of the Decemberists, Alexander I older brother |
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| Wanted freedom and liberty, a constitutional monarchy. Freedom of press, religious tolerance to all faiths, no rights to own men, Freedom to pursue other trades, civil courts, no poll tax, no monopolies, no military colonies. |
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| He got the throne instead of his son, Alexander. Like Catherine wanted Suppression during the prior Tsar's reign bubbles up for his. Often did things without explanations. He encouraged religious toleration, and education and attempted to have the obligations of serfs defined and limited. Stated that the successor always go to the oldest male heir. Nobility and bureaucracy did not like him. |
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| Didn't do a lot of changes, fixed pauls shit. Reform, Napolean, Conservation |
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| didnt do a lot of changes, decemberist revolution. Military. Conservative, censorship, police surveillance. Orthodox faith. Gov supreme, serve gov. |
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