Term
Which of the following types of intensifying screens are not used in industrial
radiography? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Betatrons are used to produce X rays in what range? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Which of the following is an isotope not artificially produced for industrial use: |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| One half value layer of lead for Iridium-192 is approximately: |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| One half value layer of lead for Cobalt-60 is approximately: |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
The film processing step in which the undeveloped silver bromide is removed from
the film emulsion is called: |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
A radiation producing device which emits radiation of one or a few discreet
wavelengths is: |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| The intensifying action of lead screens is caused by: |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Most of the energy applied to an X ray tube is converted into: |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Radiography of tubular sections using a double wall, double viewing technique is
mainly applicable to sections: |
|
Definition
| 88 mm in diameter or less |
|
|
Term
| Which of the following is the most common method of packaging film? |
|
Definition
| Individual sheets for use in cassettes, Rolls, Pre-packaged (‘day-pack’) |
|
|
Term
| Which of the following types of radiation is particulate? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Most scattered radiation which adversely affects the radiographic image quality
originates: |
|
Definition
| From floors and walls adjacent to the test piece |
|
|
Term
| An effect of scattered radiation is to: |
|
Definition
| Diminish contrast, detail and clarity of radiographic image |
|
|
Term
What is the most important factor in determining the archival quality of radiographic
film? |
|
Definition
| Degree of removal of fixer residues during washing |
|
|
Term
| Radiographic enlargement to distinguish small defects is possible: |
|
Definition
| Only with a very small source or focal spot size radiation source |
|
|
Term
| A detrimental effect of fluorescent screens might be: |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| The penetrating power of an X ray machine is indicated by: |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Reticulation may be the result of: |
|
Definition
| Developing solutions not maintained at the same temperatures. |
|
|
Term
| The main advantage of having small focal spot on an X ray tube is: |
|
Definition
A smaller focal spot allows sharper radiographic images than does a larger
focal spot |
|
|
Term
| Cobalt-60 is produced by: |
|
Definition
| Neutron capture by Cobalt-59 |
|
|
Term
| For a particular isotope, gamma radiation intensity is determined by: |
|
Definition
| Source strength in curies |
|
|
Term
Which of the following statements should be true to achieve the highest level of
radiographic sharpness (definition)? |
|
Definition
| The focal spot should be as small as practicable, The focal spot to test piece distance should be as large as practicable, The film to test piece distance should be as small as practicable |
|
|
Term
Which of the following correctly expresses the inverse square law if I1=dose rate
nearest source, I2=dose rate furthest from the source, D1=distance nearest to source
and D2=distance furthest from the source: |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Thicker materials would normally be inspected using: |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Another name for a penetrameter is: |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| The silver nitrate spot test can be used to: |
|
Definition
| Check the film for film quality |
|
|
Term
| The difference in densities seen on a radiograph due to section changes in an item is: |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Which type of film would exhibit the coarsest grain? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| An advantage of a gamma ray source is: |
|
Definition
| Outside power is normally not required |
|
|
Term
| Higher X ray tube voltages result in: |
|
Definition
| Shorter wavelengths X rays |
|
|
Term
A casting flaw which is formed when two masses of molten metal flowing from
different directions flow together, but fail to fuse, is called: |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| The rapid deceleration of electrons |
|
|
Term
| Which of the following is a function of lead screens? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| A silver nitrate spot test might be used to: |
|
Definition
| Check for archival film quality |
|
|
Term
| A linear accelerator is used to produce X rays having energy in the range of: |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| How is the wavelength of scattered radiation compared to the primary beam? |
|
Definition
| Longer than the wavelength of the primary beam |
|
|
Term
Which of the following viewing conditions is most desirable for interpreting
radiographic film? |
|
Definition
Brightness of surroundings approximately the same as the area of interest on
the radiograph |
|
|
Term
| Pinhole radiography would be used to: |
|
Definition
| Determine focal spot size |
|
|
Term
| A straight, dark line in the centre of the film of a weld cap would probably be: |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Which one of the following steps is necessary to dissolve the undarkened silver salt
crystals in the film emulsion: |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Approximately what energy X ray machine would be required to have penetrating
power equivalent to a Cobalt-60 source: |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| The normal range of steel that is radiographed using Ir-192 is: |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| The focal spot size of an X ray machine must be known in order to determine: |
|
Definition
| The geometric unsharpness |
|
|
Term
| X ray intensity is a function of : |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the minimum age in years at which a person may perform radiography : |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| A densitometer is an instrument that measures: |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Which of the following is the correct formula to use for calculating geometric
unsharpness if F=source size, T=specimen thickness, D=source to object distance and
Ug=geometric unsharpness: |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| A wetting agent is used in film processing to: |
|
Definition
| Prevent formation of water marks during the drying stage |
|
|
Term
| Film intensifying screens are normally used to: |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| A radiation producing device which emits a broad spectrum of wavelengths is: |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Which of the following represent types of radiation stemming from radioactive decay : |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Explain the difference between X and gamma rays: |
|
Definition
X rays are produced electrically; gamma rays are emitted by disintegrating
atomic nuclei |
|
|
Term
| Most industrial X ray machines contain targets made of: |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| The effects of scattered radiation may be lessened by: |
|
Definition
| Using a lead mask around the test piece, Using a lead or copper filter between the X ray tube and the test piece, Using lead screens |
|
|
Term
A reaction which occurs when a radiation beam of 500 keV is partially absorbed by a
test piece would probably be: |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
The term used to describe the reaction of human cells, other than reproductive cells, to
ionizing radiation is: |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
A low density image of the letter ‘B’ on a radiographic film would probably be caused
by: |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| A term which refers to the sharpness of the radiographic image is: |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
A dark, irregular indication which is located adjacent to the toe of the weld would
probably be: |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| A term which refers to the smallest detail visible in a radiograph is called: |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Which type of gamma ray source would be used to radiograph a weld in 150 mm thick
steel plate? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Generally, X ray output is changed by changing the: |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Deep scratches on lead intensifying screens will cause? |
|
Definition
| Irregular light lines on the film |
|
|
Term
| Which of the following is classified as electromagnetic radiation? |
|
Definition
| Visible light, X rays, Infrared radiation |
|
|
Term
| The main disadvantage of having a small focal spot on an X ray tube is: |
|
Definition
A smaller focal spot is limited to lower tube currents because of the potential
damage from overheating |
|
|
Term
Exposure of whole body to moderate radiation doses of 500 – 2000 mSv (50 to
200 rem) would probably cause which of the following effects? |
|
Definition
| Blood cell changes, Swelling, Possible nausea |
|
|
Term
| The radiation quality of a gamma ray source is determined by: |
|
Definition
| The type of isotope to be used |
|
|
Term
A reaction which occurs when a radiation beam of 90 keV is totally absorbed by a test
piece would probably be: |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
The term used to describe the reaction of human reproductive cells, to ionizing
radiation is: |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Explain the difference between X and gamma rays: |
|
Definition
X rays are produced electrically; gamma rays are emitted by disintegrating
atomic nuclei |
|
|
Term
| Which of the following is classified as electromagnetic radiation? |
|
Definition
| Visible light, X rays, Infrared radiation |
|
|
Term
| The intensifying action of lead screens is caused by: |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| How is the wavelength of scattered radiation related to the primary beam? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| The rapid deceleration of electrons |
|
|
Term
| Most of the energy applied to an X ray tube is converted into: |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Higher X ray tube voltages result in: |
|
Definition
| Shorter wavelengths X rays, More penetrating X rays, Higher intensity X ray beam |
|
|
Term
| Betatrons are used to produce X rays having energy in the range of: |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| A linear accelerator is used to produce X rays in what range? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| For a particular isotope, gamma radiation intensity is determined by: |
|
Definition
| Source strength in curies |
|
|
Term
A term used to describe the range of radiation intensities falling on the film during
exposure is: |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| An expression which is used to describe the slope of a film characteristic curve is: |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Which of the following factors affect film graininess? |
|
Definition
| Wavelengths of radiation, Film processing conditions, Film speed |
|
|
Term
The amount of radioactivity which corresponds to 3.7 × 1010 disintegrations per second
is called: |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| The result of filtering the X rays is to produce: |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Which of the following actions is performed by lead screens? |
|
Definition
| Absorbs a portion of the primary radiation beam, Preferentially absorbs soft X rays, Emits electrons under gamma and X ray fields |
|
|
Term
| The total radiation dose received equals: |
|
Definition
| Radiation intensity times time of exposure |
|
|
Term
| Which of the following is the most common type of X ray tube? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
A reaction which occurs when a radiation beam of 15 MeV is partially absorbed by a
test piece would probably be: |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
A reaction which occurs when a radiation beam of 50 keV is partially absorbed by a test
piece would probably be: |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| A lethal dose of complete body radiation is normally considered to be: |
|
Definition
|
|
