Term
| Describe how diuretics work. |
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Definition
| Removes excess fluid from body by increasing urine formation |
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Term
| List the antihypertensive drugs that fall under the category of diuretics. |
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Definition
a. hydrochlorothiazide (aka HCT) (Oretic, Esidrex, Hydrodiuril)
chlorthalidone (Hygroton)
spironolactone (Aldactone)
spironolactone + HCT (Aldactazide)
triamterene + HCT (Dyazide, Maxzide)
furosemide (Lasix) |
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Term
| Select the diuretic that causes potassium retention and gynecomastia. |
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Definition
| aldactone (Spironolactone) NOT IN THIS PPT; IT’S IN RENAL |
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Term
| Describe the method of action of alpha-1 blockers. |
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Definition
| Blocks peripheral alpha-1 receptors on blood vessels, resulting in peripheral vasodilation and decreased BP (stimulation of alpha-1 receptors cause vasoconstriction) |
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Term
| List the drugs that make up the alpha-1 blocker category of antihypertensives. |
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Definition
prazosin (Minipres)
terazosin (Hytrin)
doxazosin (Cardura) |
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Term
| List the side effects of alpha-1 blockers. |
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Definition
Orthostatic hypotension (first-dose effect)
Dizziness
Headache
Fatigue
Tachycardia and dyspnea (first-dose effect) |
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Term
| List the drugs that combine alpha-1 and beta blockers to control hypertension. |
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Definition
labetolol (Normodyne)
carvedilol (Coreg) |
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Term
| Select the drug of choice for pregnant women with hypertension. |
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Definition
| methyldopa (Aldomet) which is a centrally acting agent |
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Term
| Select the antihypertensive drugs that can interfere with medications used to treat respiratory disorders. |
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Definition
| Non-selective Beta Blocker (propanolol; Inderal) |
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Term
| Describe the method of action of beta blockers. |
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Definition
| Decreases renin release from kidneys resulting in vasodilation and lower BP (renin is an enzyme that converts angiotensinogen from the liver to Angiotensin I; this is then converted into Angiotensin II by Angiotensin converting enzyme [ACE] in the lungs; Angiotensin II is a potent vasoconstrictor. It also stimulates the release of aldosterone from the adrenal glands. Aldosterone causes the kidneys to retain more sodium which lead to increased water retention, thereby increasing blood volume, resulting in increased BP. |
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Term
| Identify the non-selective and cardio-selective beta blockers. |
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Definition
propanolol (Inderal) is non-selective
metaprolol (Lopressor) and atenolol (Tenormin) are selective (B1) Beta blockers |
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Term
| Describe the method of action of ACE inhibitors |
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Definition
| Blocks conversion of Angiotensin I to Angiotensin II |
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Term
| List the side effects of ACE inhibitors. |
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Definition
Dry, annoying cough
Metallic taste
Hyperkalemia |
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Term
| List the drugs that fall under the ACE inhibitor category. |
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Definition
captopril (Capoten)
lisinopril (Zestril; Prinivil)
ramipril (Altace) |
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Term
| Name the anti-hypertensive drug category that is a close alternative to ACE inhibitors but does not cause coughing. |
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Definition
| Angiotensin II Receptor Blockers (ARBs) |
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Term
| List the drugs that make up the Angiotensin II receptor blockers. |
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Definition
irbesartan (Avapro)
telmisartan (Micardis)
candesartan (Atacand)
valsartan (Diovan) |
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Term
| Describe the method of action of calcium channel blockers. |
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Definition
Blocks influx of Ca++ across cell membranes of arterial smooth muscles and myocardial cells
Dilates coronary and peripheral arteries
Decreases HR |
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Term
| List the side effects of calcium channel blockers. |
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Definition
Edema
Constipation
Flushing |
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Term
| Identify the agents used in hypertensive emergencies. |
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Definition
nitroprusside (Nipride; Nitropress)
labetolol (Normodyne, Trandate) |
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Term
| List the effects of nitroprusside overdose. |
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Definition
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Term
| Select the drug of choice for acute angina attacks. |
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Definition
| nitroglycerin (Nitrostat; Nitro-Bid; Nitrol) |
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