Term
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Definition
| Albumin Example: Albuminuria – The presence of albumin (a type of protein) in the urine, often a sign of kidney damage or disease, such as nephrotic syndrome. |
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Definition
| Urea, nitrogen Example: Azotemia – An elevated level of urea and other nitrogenous waste products in the blood, typically resulting from kidney dysfunction. |
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Definition
| Developing cell, germ cell Example: Nephroblastoma – A cancerous tumor of the kidney that arises from immature kidney cells, also known as Wilms tumor, commonly found in children. |
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Definition
| Bladder, sac Example: Cystitis – Inflammation of the urinary bladder, often caused by bacterial infection, leading to frequent and painful urination. |
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Definition
| Glomerulus Example: Glomerulonephritis – Inflammation of the glomeruli, the tiny filtering units in the kidneys, which can lead to kidney dysfunction or failure. |
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Definition
| Sugar Example: Hyperglycosuria – Excess sugar in the urine, commonly associated with uncontrolled diabetes or kidney filtration issues. |
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Definition
| Water Example: Hydronephrosis – The swelling of a kidney due to a buildup of urine caused by obstruction in the urinary tract. |
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Term
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Definition
| Stone, calculus Example: Nephrolithiasis – The formation or presence of kidney stones, often causing severe pain and urinary obstruction. |
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Definition
| Kidney Example: Nephrectomy – Surgical removal of a kidney, often performed due to cancer, trauma, or severe infection. |
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Definition
| Night Example: Nocturnal Enuresis – Involuntary urination during sleep, commonly known as bedwetting. This condition is most often seen in children, but it can also occur in adults due to medical issues such as diabetes, bladder dysfunction, or neurological disorders. |
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Definition
| Pus Example: Pyuria – The presence of pus in the urine, indicating a urinary tract infection or kidney infection. |
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Definition
| Renal pelvis Example: Pyelitis – Inflammation of the renal pelvis, often caused by bacterial infections ascending from the bladder. |
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Term
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Definition
| Kidney Example: Renal failure – The inability of the kidneys to filter waste products and balance fluids and electrolytes in the body. |
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Term
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Definition
| Urine, urinary tract Example: Urology – The branch of medicine focused on the study and treatment of urinary tract diseases and disorders. |
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Term
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Definition
| Ureter Example: Ureteroplasty – Surgical repair of a ureter to correct blockages or structural abnormalities. |
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Term
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Definition
| Urethra Example: Urethritis – Inflammation of the urethra, often caused by bacterial infection or sexually transmitted infections. |
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Term
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Definition
| Bladder, sac Example: Vesicoureteral reflux – A condition where urine flows backward from the bladder into the ureters, increasing the risk of kidney infections and damage. |
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Term
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Definition
| Abdomen, abdominal Example: Abdominoplasty – Surgical repair or reconstruction of the abdomen, often referred to as a "tummy tuck." |
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Term
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Definition
| Anus Example: Anoplasty – Surgical repair of the anus, often performed to treat congenital defects or damage caused by trauma. |
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Term
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Definition
| Antrum Example: Antrectomy – Surgical removal of the antrum, a part of the stomach, often done to treat ulcers or cancer. |
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Term
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Definition
| Appendix Example: Appendectomy – Surgical removal of the appendix, typically performed in cases of appendicitis. |
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Term
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Definition
| Appendix Example: Appendicitis – Inflammation of the appendix, often causing abdominal pain and requiring surgical intervention. |
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Term
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Definition
| Cecum Example: Cecopexy – Surgical fixation of the cecum, often performed to correct volvulus (twisting of the bowel). |
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Term
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Definition
| Abdomen, abdominal cavity Example: Celiotomy – Surgical incision into the abdominal cavity, often performed to explore or treat abdominal conditions. |
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Term
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Definition
| Lip Example: Cheilitis – Inflammation of the lips, often caused by irritation, infection, or nutritional deficiencies. |
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Term
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Definition
| Gall, bile Example: Cholecystitis – Inflammation of the gallbladder, commonly caused by gallstones blocking the bile ducts. |
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Term
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Definition
| Common bile duct Example: Choledocholithiasis – The presence of stones in the common bile duct, often requiring removal to restore bile flow. |
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Definition
| Colon Example: Colitis – Inflammation of the colon, which can cause symptoms such as diarrhea, abdominal pain, and cramping. |
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Term
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Definition
| Intestine Example: Enteritis – Inflammation of the intestines, often caused by infection or irritants. |
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Term
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Definition
| Esophagus Example: Esophagitis – Inflammation of the esophagus, often resulting from acid reflux or infections. |
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Term
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Definition
| Stomach Example: Gastrectomy – Surgical removal of part or all of the stomach, typically to treat ulcers, cancer, or severe obesity. |
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Term
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Definition
| Gum Example: Gingivitis – Inflammation of the gums, often caused by poor oral hygiene or bacterial infection. |
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Term
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Definition
| Tongue Example: Glossitis is inflammation of the tongue that can cause swelling, redness, and pain. It is often caused by infections or nutritional deficiencies. |
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Definition
| Liver Example: Hepatomegaly – Enlargement of the liver, often caused by infections, fatty liver disease, or cancer. |
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Term
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Definition
| Hernia, protrusion of an organ through a membrane or cavity wall Example: Herniorrhaphy – Surgical repair of a hernia to reposition the protruding organ and strengthen the surrounding tissue. |
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Term
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Definition
| Abdomen, abdominal cavity Example: Laparoscopy – A minimally invasive surgical procedure used to view and treat abdominal or pelvic conditions. |
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Term
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Definition
| Dryness Example: Xerostomia – Dryness of the mouth caused by reduced saliva production, often associated with certain medications or medical condition |
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Term
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Definition
| Uvula Example: Uvulectomy – Surgical removal of the uvula, often performed to treat snoring or sleep apnea. |
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Term
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Definition
| Mouth Example: Stomatitis – Inflammation of the mouth, which can result from infections, irritants, or systemic diseases. |
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Term
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Definition
| Fat Example: Steatorrhea – Excess fat in stool, often a sign of malabsorption disorders like celiac disease or chronic pancreatitis. |
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Term
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Definition
| Saliva, salivary gland Example: Sialadenitis – Inflammation of a salivary gland, often caused by bacterial infections or blockages. |
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Definition
| Rectum Example: Rectocele – A bulging of the rectum into the vaginal wall, often caused by weakening of pelvic floor muscles. |
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Term
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Definition
| Pylorus, pyloric sphincter Example: Pyloroplasty – Surgical repair of the pyloric sphincter to improve food passage from the stomach to the small intestine. |
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Term
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Definition
| Rectum Example: Proctitis – Inflammation of the rectum, which can cause discomfort, bleeding, and urgency. |
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Term
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Definition
| Polyp, small growth Example: Polypectomy – Surgical removal of a polyp, often performed during a colonoscopy to prevent cancer development. |
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Term
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Definition
| Peritoneum Example: Peritonitis – Inflammation of the peritoneum, the membrane lining the abdominal cavity, often caused by infection or perforation. |
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Definition
| Pancreas Example: Pancreatitis – Inflammation of the pancreas, often caused by gallstones or excessive alcohol consumption. |
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Definition
| Palate Example: Palatoplasty – Surgical repair of the palate, often performed to correct cleft palate deformities. |
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Definition
| Tongue Example: Sublingual – Situated under the tongue, often referring to the administration of medications for rapid absorption. |
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Definition
| Mouth Example: Oral – Pertaining to the mouth, such as in oral hygiene practices. |
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