Term
| FDR lost the vice presidential election in 1920, and temporarly withdrew from politics. |
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Definition
| In what year did Franklin Delano Roosevelt lose the election as the Democratic Vice Presidential Candidate? What did he do as a result of losing? |
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Term
| Polio, a viral disease that can affect nerves and can lead to partial or full paralysis. |
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Definition
| What disease did Roosevelt catch in the early 1920s? |
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Term
| In 1928, Roosevelt ran for Governor of New York and narrowly won. Two years later, he was re-elected in a "landslide." |
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Definition
| What political office did FDR seek when he returned to political life? |
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Term
| Roosevelt's popularity in New York (where he was Governor) paved the way for his presidential campaign in 1932. |
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Definition
| What paved the way for Roosevelt presidential campaign in 1932? |
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Term
| Roosevelt's policies were known as The New Deal |
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Definition
| By what name did Roosevelt's policies aimed at ending the Great Depression come to be known? |
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Term
| Roosevelt beat Herbert Hoover in a landslide, and was elected President. |
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Definition
| Who did Roosevelt defeat to win the Presidency in 1932? |
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Term
| The country had to wait through the winter between Roosevelt's election and his inauguration before he could begin to make any changes. |
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Definition
| Why did the country have to wait through another winter after the election before Roosevelt could begin work on enacting The New Deal? |
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Term
| The gold standard, which was a rule that measured the value of the U.S. dollar in relation to gold. |
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Definition
| What did people fear that Roosevelt would abandon? |
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Term
| Bank Holidays, which were declared by Governors at the state level. By the day of Roosevelt's inauguration, most of the nation's banks were closed. |
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Definition
| What was the term for closing a bank proactively, in order to avoid a run on the bank that might drive it out of business? |
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Term
| 1 in 4 workers (25%) were unemployed |
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Definition
| How many workers were unemployed when Roosevelt took office? |
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Term
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Definition
| What did March 9 to July 16 in the year 1933, during which Congress passed 15 major acts to resolve the economic crisis, come to be called? |
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Term
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Definition
| Collectively, the programs that Congress enacted at Roosevelt's direction in the first hundred days of his Presidency eventually came to be known as what? |
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Term
| Roosevelt deliberately chose advisors who disagreed with one another, so he could analyze the challenges from different points of view |
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Definition
| How did Roosevelt ensure that his advisors would generate the best new ideas and programs? |
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Term
| "The New Nationalism" suggested that government agencies should work with businesses to regulated wages, prices and production, they could lift the economy out of the Depression. |
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Definition
| One influential group of advisers during the early year of Franklin Roosevelt's administration supported the political philosophy of "The New Nationalism" of Theodore Roosevelt. What did they want? |
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Term
| This group of Roosevelt's advisers distrusted big business and blamed business leaders for causing the Great Depression. These advisers wanted government planners to run key parts of the economy. |
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Definition
| Some of Roosevelt's advisers supported a more government controlled economy. What was their approach? |
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Term
| Wilson's "New Freedom" promoted "trust-busting" and wanted competition to set wages, prices and production levels, and wanted the government to impose fairness in economic competition. |
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Definition
| One group of Roosevelt's advisers promoted "The New Freedom" of Woodrow Wilson. What did they want? |
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Term
| The Emergency Banking Relieft Act |
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Definition
| What historic piece of legislation did the House of Representatives unanimously pass after only 38 minutes of debate? |
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Term
| Roosevelt's "Fireside Chats" were radio broadcasts made by FDR to the American people in order to explain his initiatives. |
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Definition
| What were Roosevelt's Fireside Chats? |
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Term
| In one of his "fireside chats," FDR assured Americans that their money was safe in the nation's banks. When the banks re-opened the next day, deposits greatly outweighed withdrawals. |
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Definition
| What ended the banking crisis? |
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Term
| Over 10 million U.S. workers remained unemployed after the First New Deal. |
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Definition
| Despite adding 2 million jobs, what was the state of unemployment in the U.S. after the First New Deal? |
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Term
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Definition
| What did FDR do to fund his programs when the nation's total income was insufficient to fund them? |
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Term
| A government practice of spending borrowed money rather than raising taxes, usually done in an attempt to boost the economy |
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Definition
| What is deficit spending? |
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Term
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Definition
| What organization was formed in August 1934 by business leaders and anti-New Deal politicians from both parties? |
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Term
| All three challenged FDR's New Deal |
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Definition
| What was significant about Huey Long, Father Coughlin, and Francis Townsend? |
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Term
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Definition
| In 1935, Roosevelt launched a series of programs now known as the what? |
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Term
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Definition
| Who proposed that the federal government pay citizens over the age of 60 a pension of $200 a month? |
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Term
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Definition
| What is the name of the process by which a neutral party hears arguments from 2 opposing sides and makes a decision that both must accept? |
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Term
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Definition
| What was a key new tactic used by union organizers in this period? |
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Term
| A method of boycottingg work by sitting down at work and refusing to leave the establishment. |
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Definition
| What was a sit-down strike? |
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Term
| The United Auto Workers (UAW) |
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Definition
| What union became one of the most powerful unions in the U.S. during this period? |
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Term
| Farm and domestic workers |
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Definition
| Which workers were not able to benefit from the Social Security Act? |
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Term
| A monthly retirement benefit for older Americans. |
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Definition
| What was the key benefit at the core of Social Security? |
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Term
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Definition
| Which political party had counted on the votes of African-Americans ever since the Civil War? |
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Term
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Definition
| In the 1930's a new coalition was formed including farmers, industrial workers, African-Americans, recent immigrants, ethnic minorities, women, progressives, and intellectuals. What was this organization called? |
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Term
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Definition
| FDR appointed serveral African-Americans to positions in his administration, where they were informally known as what? |
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Term
| Frances Perkins, Secretary of Labor |
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Definition
| FDR was the first to appoint a women to a cabinet post. Who did he appoint? And what was her role? |
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Term
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Definition
| While many Americans liked the New Deal, which political body saw things differently? |
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Term
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Definition
| What did the press call Roosevelt's political mistake of attempting to pass a law enabling him to appoint extra justices to the Supreme Court in order to ensure that the Supreme Court did not overturn New Deal acts? |
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Term
| The New Deal only achieved limited success in ending the Great Depression. As a whole, the New Deal tended to balance competing economic interests. |
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Definition
| Was the New Deal successful in ending the Great Depression? |
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Term
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Definition
| What is the term for the role of government to work out conflicts among competing interest groups? |
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Term
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Definition
| What term was used to describe what FDR's programs provided to protect the interests of Americans? |
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Term
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Definition
| What troubling statistic rose from 9.1% to 12.5% in 1937 after Roosevelt attempted to balance the government's budget, just as the first Social Security taxes removed $2 billion from the economy? |
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Term
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Definition
| Who famously favored balancing the budget and cutting spending? |
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Term
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Definition
| Harry Hopkins and Harold Ickes disagreed with Morgenthau's plan of balancing the budget and cutting spending, and instead pushed for MORE government spsending, based on a theory known as what? |
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Term
| Keynesianism is the theory that the government should spend heavily in a recession, even if that means deficit spending, in order to jump start the economy? |
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Definition
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Term
| The Far Security Administration |
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Definition
| What did Congress create to give loans to tenants, so they could purchase their own farms? |
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Term
| The Fair Labor Standards Act |
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Definition
| What legislation abolished child labor, limited the work week to 44 hours, and set the first federal minimum wage at 25 cents an hour? |
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