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| A form of government in which the country is considered a 'public matter' and is not the private concern or property of the rulers. |
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| A ruler with total power over a country, typically one who has obtained power by force. |
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| A Roman general and statesman whose dictatorship marked the end of the Roman Republic and the rise of the Roman Empire. |
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| The first emperor of Rome, ruling from 27 B.C. until A.D. 14, is known for initiating the Pax Romana. |
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| A period of peace and stability across the Roman Empire lasting approximately 200 years. |
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| A series of three wars fought between Rome and Carthage from 264 B.C. to 146 B.C. |
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| A war between citizens of the same country. |
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| A savior or liberator figure in various religions, particularly in Judaism and Christianity. |
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| The teaching or revelation of Christ, often referring to the first four books of the New Testament. |
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| The act of rising from the dead, particularly referring to Jesus's return to life after crucifixion. |
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| Early followers of Jesus who spread his teachings and played a key role in the establishment of Christianity. |
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| The first Roman emperor to convert to Christianity and who legalized it with the Edict of Milan in 313 C.E. |
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| A proclamation that permanently established religious tolerance for Christianity within the Roman Empire in 313 C.E. |
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| The Roman emperor who made Christianity the official state religion of the Roman Empire. |
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| A person who is killed because of their religious or other beliefs. |
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| A set of beliefs held and taught by a church, political party, or other group. |
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| A system in which members of an organization or society are ranked according to relative status or authority. |
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| The body of religious worshippers who are not part of the clergy. |
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| The body of people ordained for religious duties, especially in the Christian Church. |
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| A simple story used to illustrate a moral or spiritual lesson, as told by Jesus in the Gospels. |
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| Deliverance from sin and its consequences, believed by Christians to be brought about by faith in Christ. |
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| The continuation of the Roman Empire in the East during the Middle Ages, centered around Constantinople. |
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| Byzantine emperor from 527 to 565 C.E., known for his ambitious project to reconquer the lost western half of the Roman Empire. |
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| The wife of Justinian, who was a powerful and influential empress known for her advocacy of women's rights. |
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| A codification of Roman law that served as the foundation for legal systems in many modern countries. |
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