Term
| How long did it take for the Roman army to conquer nearly all of Italy? |
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Definition
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Term
| Who attacked Rome and took over the city in 387 BC? |
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Definition
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Term
| How did the Romans get the Gauls to leave Rome? |
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Definition
| They gave them a huge amount of gold |
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Term
| How did the organization of the army help the Romans defeat most of their enemies? |
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Definition
| It allowed them to be flexible, fight as a large group or as several small ones |
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Term
| How many soldiers were in a legion? How many in a century? |
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Definition
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Term
| Before Rome conquered most of Italy, what were most Romans? |
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Definition
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Term
| What happened to the small farms when the farmers moved? |
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Definition
| Wealthy Romans built large farms on the countryside |
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Term
| Who worked the large farms? |
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Definition
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Term
| What did merchants bring to Rome from other parts of the Mediterranean? |
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Definition
| Food, metal goods, & slaves |
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Term
| What did Romans use to pay for the goods brought into Rome? |
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Definition
| Coins made out of copper, silver & other metals |
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Term
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Definition
| A series of wars against Carthage, a city in northern Africa |
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Term
| What does the word Punic mean? |
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Definition
| Phoenician, the people who built Carthage |
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Term
| How did the Punic Wars start? What happened? |
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Definition
| Carthage sent armies to Sicily. Rome sent armies too. They fought for 20 years, Romans forced out the enemy and took over Sicily |
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Term
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Definition
| Carthaginian general, one of the greatest generals of the ancient world, started the second Punic War |
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Term
| What happened when Rome sent an army to Carthage? |
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Definition
| Hannibal rushed home, but his troops were defeated at Zama |
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Term
| What advantages did the Romans have during battle at Zama? |
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Definition
| Cavalry, blew trumpets to distract elephants, left empty spaces between soldiers |
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Term
| What advantage did the Carthaginians have during the battle at Zama? |
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Definition
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Term
| Why did Rome declare war on Carthage? |
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Definition
| They were afraid Carthage was growing powerful again |
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Term
| What did Rome do after they destroyed Carthage? |
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Definition
| Burned the city, killed most of the people, sold the rest into slavery, & took control of N Africa |
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Term
| What ideas did Rome adopt from Greece? |
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Definition
| Literature, art, philosophy, religion, and education |
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Term
| What new lands did Rome add between 270 and 100 BC? |
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Definition
| Most of Spain, Southern Gaul, Northern Italy, Carthage, Mediterranean islands (including Sicily, Corsica, Sardinia), Greece, Macedonia, and Asia Minor |
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Term
| What problems arose in the Roman Republic as their territory grew? |
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Definition
| The rich were getting richer and leaders feared violence would erupt between the rich and poor |
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Term
| Why did Tiberius Gracchus want to create farms for the poor Romans? What happened? |
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Definition
| To keep the poor happy and prevent rebellions. Wealthy citizens who owned the land opposed the idea, riots started & Tiberius was killed. |
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Term
| What did Gaius Gracchus do? What happened? |
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Definition
| Tried to create new farms, sold food cheaply to poor. Angered powerful Romans and was killed |
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Term
| What did Gaius Marius (mer eee us) do? |
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Definition
| Encouraged poor people to join the army, before only land owners had been allowed to join |
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Term
| What politician conflicted with Marius and started a civil war in Rome? Who won? |
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Definition
| Lucius Cornelius Sulla, Sulla won & declared himself dictator |
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Term
| Who is Spartacus? What did he do? |
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Definition
| A former gladiator who lead thousands of slaves to rise up and demand freedom, they defeated the army and took over much of southern Italy |
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Term
| What happened after Spartacus was killed? |
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Definition
| The revolt fell apart, Romans executed 6000 slaves |
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