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| Priestesses of Vesta, kept the heart burning |
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| Where believed to be the creators of Rome. Were raised by wolves |
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| Concept of moving to a colony if the city gets too overcrowded |
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| Ancestral spirits and protective deities of the house |
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| Boundary between home and outside (Rome and the warfare outside) |
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| "To hand over in faith", when city-states became allies of Rome |
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| First name, family name ex)PUBLIUS cornelius scipio africanus |
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| Name of clan ex)publius CORNELIUS scipio africanus) |
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| More specific branch of clan ex)publius cornelius SCIPIO africanus |
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| Last name added if you've accomplished something ex)publius cornelius scipio AFRICANUS |
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| God of doorways, transitions |
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| games provided by the state |
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| games (often the gladiator fights) paid for by politicians |
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| Public execution of a leader of a conquered territory. Put on for to show a man's victory in war |
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| Were a huge influence on Roman sport |
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| Biggest festival of Rome, in honor of Jupiter Optimus Maximus |
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| oversees funds and puts together the games |
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| "Favor", "Duty", "Gift", "Service" |
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| backdrop in the theater shows |
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| brought actors down from the top of the theater using ropes |
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| Table to bring people on stage |
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| First permanent Roman theater |
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| An indoor theater, much smaller with a roof |
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| Has seating all around the stage |
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| comes from harena meaning sand |
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| Colosseum, constructed by Titus Flavius |
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| Three origins of gladiators |
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| slaves, criminals, volunteers |
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| Gladiators that volunteered |
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| Gladiator that led a slave revolt due to poor living conditions in the ludi |
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| Known for his barbaric treatment of criminals. Would feed them to animals or execute people for small crimes |
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| Used "maiestas" as a reason to execute peopl |
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| Social status of the gladiators. Lowest of the low on social ranking |
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| leather bands going around chest and back |
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| Type of gladiator who resembled a fish |
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| Metal piece to protect the arm |
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| Greaves, protect the shins |
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| Curved sword, rectangular shield |
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| Type of gladiator that resembled a Greek soldier |
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| Type of gladiator with large protective helmet |
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| Type of gladiator who used a net and trident |
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| Type of gladiator that fights on horseback |
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| Type of gladiator that fought in a chariot |
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| "single combat", description of most gladiator fights, one on one |
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| groups of gladiators under the control of the same lanista |
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| owner/manager of the ludus |
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| Trainers in the ludus, usually retired gladiators |
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| Was a famous physician that started his career patching wounds in the ludus |
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| banquet for the gladiators the night before a show |
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| gladiator fights that had a cover charge, usually smaller in size |
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| Novice, gladiators that were new arrivals |
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| Recruit, gladiators ready for their first fight |
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| Veteran, gladiators that survived their first fight |
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| Best Ranked gladiators, four grades of these gladiators |
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| "to the finger", putting up a finger to show you want the fight to end |
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| "Deception", method of pretending to be hurt then striking your opponent when they let up |
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| "Released while standing", a draw |
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| Having a clear winner, either by wound or death |
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| Chant for release, wanted the gladiator to live |
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| "Cut the throat", chant for the gladiator to be killed |
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| Dagger to the spine, how they killed gladiators that were sentenced to death |
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| Author who wrote a guide on how to socialize at the games |
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| wooden balls thrown into the crowd that could be redeemed for prizes |
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| Was a stoic who did not like the over indulgence of the games |
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| Hunter for the beast hunts |
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| Killed 11,000 animals in 123 days |
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| "life room", place to keep animals |
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| "midday shows", the executions |
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| smaller version of a triumph |
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| name given to the recipient of a triumph |
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| Changed the starting gates to marble |
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| Made most of the circus Maximus permanent |
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| Center barrier of the circus |
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| Large bronze turning points |
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| "Prison", the starting gate |
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| platform for the statues of the gods where they watched the performance |
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| handkerchief dropped to start the chariot race |
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| Jumping from horse to horse, part of midday circus entertainment |
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| "Shipwreck", refers to crashes in chariot races |
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| Won extreme fortune through his many wins in the chariot races |
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| ruler of the faction, financed and traded the factions |
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| overseer of the faction, below the dominus |
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| Followed the charioteers on horseback to inform them of what to do |
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| switching of horses to prove that it is the charioteer who has the skill, not the horses |
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| Didn't understand the loyalty people had toward factions |
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| "Jupiter, the best and the greatest" |
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| "Peace of the gods" keep the gods happy and they will reward Rome |
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| Nero may have had a role in starting it, blamed Christians |
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| odium humani generis - "hatred of the human race" |
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| Believes seeing people get killed is the same as killing them |
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| First emperor to persecute Christians |
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| Christianity became the main religion under his reign |
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| Against using wealth for political gain |
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| Considered the first emperor of Rome |
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| "under earth", space under the arena |
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| Put on the first Naumachiae |
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