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| When is the Roman Monarchy? |
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| Romulus who killed Remus his twin brother. |
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| What is Rome's port and what river is it connected to? |
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| The port is Ostia and the Tiber connects it to the sea. |
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| What are the three tribes that make up the roman people? |
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| Latins, Sabines, Etruscans |
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| They are the founders, but they do not hold the power. |
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| The leaders and rulers. Etruscan is a language that has not been deciphered. Etruscans keep channel open to the gods. They are the priests. |
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| What is the chronology of the government of rome? |
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753-510 BC Roman Monarchy
509-27 BC Roman Republic
44 BC Julius Caesar assassinated
27 BC - 410 AD Roman Empire
It could be said that it doesn't end until the death of Nicholas II in 1917 |
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| Struggle between Plebeians and Patricians. The Plebs want representation since they are now participating in block warfare. Centuriate Assembly. Talent arguments from the beginning, it is talent not blood that matters. That is what leads to a bloodless revolution. |
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| The Latins have a market day and invite the Sabinians. They get the men drunk and rape the women. The women like their new husbands. |
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| 3 significant contributions |
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1) Multi-ethnic (Race, ethnicity) base of citizens.
2) Symbols and forms of government.
3) They spread Greek contributions. Basic Greek is foundation of education. |
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| Checks and Balances. Power is if I fight I get to vote. |
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| Possible origins of Etruscans |
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1) They are indigenous.
2) They are Trojans.
3) They are villanovan (New Village).
There are houses in the Po river valley that are built on stilts to protect them from flooding and enemies(?) |
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| A sign post with three different languages (Ancient Egyption Hieroglyphs, Demotic script, and the lowest Ancient Greek) helping with the translation of ancient languages. There was one that had Etruscan on it but a farmer blew it up. (It had Etruscan, Greek, and Latin) |
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| Art of putting pigment into walls. It is well preserved and found in Etruscan tombs. |
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| Sacred boundary. These are circles signifying eternity. Etruscan Tombs were usually done in circles. Most major European cities have a Pomerium in their center.(from roman empire/monarchy times) |
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| Fought in a circle. Possibly Greek. |
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| funeral games, people will die to honor someone important. |
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et dea et del
ed del et dea |
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| This is a catch all for praying. You won't offend any god. They also use ancestors as intermediaries. |
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| Protection of Food. Protective gods of family |
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| Another layer of protection. |
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| The ancestors that are used as intermediaries. |
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| Locations in a Roman home |
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Shops - If the house is on a street front it would have shops (always looking to make money.
Slave quarters - Most families had slaves
Atrium - The location where the ancestors go, they create "death masks" and the Pater Familias can pray here. The reflecting pool is also here and water is collected here.
Storehouse - Usually in the back and most protected area. Sometimes a labyrinth with traps is used to protect it. The food goes hear as well as the hearth.
Latrine - Is usually disconnected from the rest of the house.
Kitchen - Is also unconnected as to not bring rodents into the house. |
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| Father of the family. The oldest man in a family also the leader. All romans are in a pecking order and bribery is the way of business. You are always scratching someone's back and someone else is scratching yours. |
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| 18 years old and male. Also have to fight to protect. Although fighting doesn't take place without omens being taken. |
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Auspices - Sibil, flight of birds. They would divide the sky into quadrants and count the birds and type of birds.
Haruspices - Reading of sacrificial livers. They would sacrifice from scorpions to birds to marine life. They type would be determined by calendar and Sybil books.
Ostentia - All other omens, anything not flight of birds or livers.
Determines a fas(lucky) or nefas(unlucky) day. On nefas days no official business or battle could be conducted. |
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| Those who can read the future and Auspices. |
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| Once again in a circle(pomerium). Split into quadrants. The sections included Officers, Soldiers(infantry), Animals, and the mess(food). Every soldier would carry a post to build the fence/palisade. There were 3 times this number of followers outside the palisades. They were the workers and slaves. |
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1) Rulers
2) Artisans
3) Lower Class
4) Freed Class(later)
5) Slaves are below class |
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1) Rulers - King and the Council of Elders. These are the ones who own and protect the land.
2) Ruled - Plebians or commoners |
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| Polybius Cycle of Goverment |
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| One man rule -> kingship -> tyranny -> aristocracy -> oligarchy -> democracy -> one man rule |
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| Usually were Etruscan. They were the Commander in Chief, the Chief Priest. He is elected. Can be for different amounts of time. He is the figurehead which means he gets the blame and the praise. |
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| Subset of King. Those that have lived long enough to be considered elders (20-30's, though 30's are more typical). They are land holders and come from about 200 important families. (These families still hold a lot of the land today!) |
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| Comes from the word senex = old man, wise. They elect kings form their own and also pass the laws. It is still talent based but the pool comes from about 200 families. |
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| Commoners are used when fighting becomes block fighting. Commoners must register to fight and want representation. Assembly of plebeians. |
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| Who was to protect the commoners? |
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| The Kings and council of elders. |
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| Res = Belongs to everyone. Publica = public, citizes 18 years old warrior and has a vote. |
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| 390 BC. Gaulics are Celts. They are frightening to the Romans who have rules about combat. Gaulics have no rules and fight block style. |
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| How does the Pater Familias buy votes? |
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| They put names on land to give people the right to vote. They never actually give up land. |
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| Soldiers used a semi-round shield and a spear. The equipment was state issued. Later they moved to tower shields and Gladius sword. They would fight in a rectangle or Phalanx. |
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| Check and Blance comparison to modern US government. |
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Legislative - Council of Elders and Senate for Rome, Congress consisting of Senate and House of Reps. for US. Duties were to make laws and control the money.
Executive - 2 Consuls with 1 year terms(then senator for life) in Rome, President 4-8 year term in US. Duties: 1)Commander in Chief 2)Veto(US only) 3)Fugurehead
Judicial/Voting Assembly - US Judicial interpret the constitution, Voting Assembly: PVote for consuls and all other officials. |
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| New to Politics. If an individual doesn't have someone as far back as a grandpa and as far removed as an uncle that has served as a consul. |
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| Born with the gift to speak. He is a Novus Homo who rises to consulship. |
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| Proposed by Julius Caesar. It is 365 days 25 days per annum. |
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| Every morning a sacrifice is required here. |
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| He is a 5th generation god |
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| She is a 3rd or 4th generation god. Sybil is reverse time, she gets smaller as time goes on. She is a prophet and hasn't been seen since ca 200 AD. She can't lie and lives in a bottle. She is the creator of chronology. At a sacrifice she determines whether it is fas or nefas. |
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| Nefas days are permanent. Every year. They sometimes have to purge the calendar. |
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| Another name for the Mediterranean |
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| 2nd best road from Rome to southern Italy |
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| The southern Greek colonies |
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| They are put in the Tibra river and floated in a basket. The children are picked up by she wolf Lupus. At 18 Lupus tells them that they are not wolves and they need to go find a human pack. Romulus kills Remus. |
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| (superstition) = Enthusiasm. It is the worst sin in the Roman culture. |
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| These are those that hold the imperium and auspicium. Consuls and Praetors. |
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| Two officials elected annually by the Centruiate assembly. Commanded the Roman armies, presided over the Senate and the Centuriate Assembly |
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| Eight official elected annually by the Centuriate Assembly. Subordinate to Consuls, they could preside over the senate and assembly(in the absence of consuls). Could command armies when necessary. Took over judicial functions after 367 BC. Presided over tribal assembly. |
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| These did not hold the imperium and auspicium. Quaestors and Aediles. |
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| 20 Divided between urban and consular. Urban quaestors sat as civil judges, and acted as treasury officials. Cosular Quaestors served as quartermasters and supply officers in armies, and in emergencies could lead a contingent of the army. they are elected by the tribal assembly annually. They can preside over a tribal assembly in the absence of a Praetor. |
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| 4 officials (two patrician and two plebeian) elected annually by the Tribal Assembly. Served as the city commissioners of Rome. Plebeian Aediles were elected by the concilium plebis tributa. |
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| Officials outside the Magistry |
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| Include the Tribune of the Plebs and Censors |
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| 10 officials elected annually by the council of the plebs. Had no official position except as the spokesmen for the Plebeian. Had the right to veto any legislation in any of the assemblies, to intercede between any Plebian and a magistrate, and to offer asylum. |
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| 2 officials elected every 5 years for an 18-month term by the Centurate assembly from among the consulares (ex-consuls). Conducted the census to determine the property qualifications. Physically put people in the rank they belonged in according to wealth on the Camput Martius. Censors had the right to demote you in rank, even from the Senate for moral reasons that they deemed fit. The custom was known as Censorial Nota and there was no appeal. Let the major state contracts for roads, bridges, aquaducts, army supply, etc. |
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| Officials that hold the Imperium in time of crisis only. |
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| Dictators and Magister Equitum-Master of the Horse |
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| One man from among the ex-consuls appointed at the intigation of a serving Consul by the Senate for a specific six-month term of office. |
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| Master of the Horse/Magister Equitum |
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| On man, second in command to a Dictator. Appointed by the Dictator for a six-month term and approved by the Senate. |
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| The average noble went through a specific ladder of offices in the course of his political career. It was totally unofficial, simply the normal progression. |
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| Progression of the Cursus Honorum |
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A) 17-27 Army duty culminating in appointment as Military Tribune
B) 30 Quaestor (after 312 BC it carried membership in the Senate).
C) 34 Aedile (not a necessary step, and often omitted).
D) 36 Tribune of the Plebs (If you were a Plebeian).
E) 38 Praetor
F) 40-42 Consul
G) Censor - Few made it to this step. To be a Censor you were considered a great man, so great as to be above politics and the Cursus. |
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| The right to command and coerce. Only held by Consuls, Praetors, Dictator and Masters of the Horse. (Held by the king in the monarchy.) Capital (head) power. |
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| The right to have omens taken to see if a day was fas or nefas. Symbol of civil authority and held only by Consuls and Praetors. |
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| Area in which a Consul or Praetor may exercise the imperium. An area of competence rather than a geographic location. |
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| Roman Nobles. Consulship held no further back than your grandfather and no further separated than your uncle. The nobility was composed of patricians and plebeians alike: it implied no privileges. |
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