Term
| What two things did Pompey want from the Senate upon his return from the East? |
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Definition
| He wanted to reward his soldiers with land and get the land he won in Asia ratified by the Senate. |
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Term
| Who was Clodius and how did he scandalize Rome? |
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Definition
| He was a Patrician who was appointed as tribune by Caesar because he got himself adopted by a Plebian family. |
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Term
| How did Cato force Pompey, Crassus and Caesar to unite? |
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Definition
| The three men united to defeat Cato |
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Term
| How did Clodius get rid of Cicero? |
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Definition
| Clodius had Cicero exiled for executing Roman citizens during the Catilinarian conspiracy. |
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Term
| What happened at Luca in April 56 BC? |
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Definition
| Crassus arranged a meeting in Luca, where the triumvirate agreed to vote for Pompey and Crassus in the elections. Cato disrupted the elections but the triumvirs got elected anyway. |
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Term
| Describe Crassus’ campaign in Parthia. |
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Definition
| He wanted to make a military show of force there, but his Arabian guide betrayed him and he was captured and killed. |
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Term
| What were Caesar’s Commentaries? |
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Definition
| His thoughts about the civil war. |
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Term
| How did Clodius die? What happened at his funeral? |
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Definition
| He died in a gang riot. At his funeral, his supporters caused a riot and burned down the senate house. |
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Term
| What prompted Caesar to cross the Rubicon? |
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Definition
| Cicero sided with Pompey. |
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Term
| How did Caesar treat his enemies? |
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Definition
| With clemency & forgiveness, allowing his non-Roman supporters citizenship. |
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Term
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Definition
| He was beheaded in Egypt. |
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Term
| Describe Caesar’s reforms as Dictator. |
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Definition
| He froze property values at their pre-war value so the real-estate market wouldn’t collapse, & he annulled judgments against his supporters. He built public libraries and revised the calendar to account for leap years. |
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Term
| How did Caesar provoke the senate to assassinate him? |
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Definition
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Term
| Describe Antony’s actions after Caesar’s death. What did Octavian do? |
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Definition
| He got Caesar’s killers to approve of all of Caesar’s acts. Octavian, adopted by Caesar in his will, decided to raise an army against Antony with the support of Cicero & the senate. |
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Term
| How did Octavian win his first consulship? |
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Definition
| He “asked” for the position – basically forced the senate to give it to him. |
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Term
| Describe the two battles at Philippi. |
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Definition
First battle: Brutus captures Octavian’s camp, but Octavian had escaped. Cassius killed himself.
Second battle: Brutus is defeated and he kills himself too. |
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Term
| Describe the arrangement made between Antony and Octavian at Brundisium. |
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Definition
| Antony married Octavian’s sister. |
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Term
| Who was Sextus Pompey and how did he cause trouble for Octavian? |
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Definition
| He was the youngest son of Pompey. He caused trouble with his pirate navy. |
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Term
| What were the “Donations of Alexandria”? |
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Definition
| Antony had kids with Cleopatra and gave those kids Roman territory. |
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Term
| Describe the Battle of Actium. |
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Definition
| Cleopatra was so scared of Agrippa’s navy that she fled, & Antony had no choice but to flee with her to Alexandria. |
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Term
| Describe Octavian’s “First Settlement.” |
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Definition
| He gave his power to the senate and the Roman people, so he was given the name Augustus. |
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Term
| How did Augustus avoid Caesar’s fate? |
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Definition
| He gave himself the protection of being a tribune without actually being a tribune. |
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Term
| What were the terms of the “Second Settlement”? |
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Definition
| Augustus resigned his consulship & got tribunicia potestas (tribune status) and maius imperium (the power to outrank any magistrate). |
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Term
| Describe Augustus’ marriage laws. |
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Definition
| Bachelors were punished and people with 3+ kids were rewarded. |
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Term
| What was the Praetorian Guard? |
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Definition
| Soldiers that protected Rome and Augustus. |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| A German rebel who killed the general Varus and his troops |
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Term
| Who were the 3 great Augustan poets? |
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Definition
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Term
| What did Augustus mean when he said that “he found Rome a city of brick and left it one of marble”? |
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Definition
| He imported a lot of marble from Greece and built Roman buildings out of it |
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Term
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Definition
| Lit. “the things done”, a powerful document glorifying and excusing Augustus’ various actions. |
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Term
| Why does Juno hate Aeneas? |
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Definition
Because of the judgment of Paris and because of Ganymede, Jupiter’s Trojan boy toy.
She also fears the future Romans, who will destroy her city Carthage. |
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Term
| What does Juno ask Aeolus to do? |
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Definition
| She asks him to shipwreck Aeneas. |
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Term
| What does Jupiter promise Venus? |
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Definition
| That Rome will be super powerful and have powerful leaders. |
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Term
| What convinces the Trojans to take the horse within their walls? |
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Definition
| Sinon persuades the Trojans that the horse is sacred to Minerva. A priest throws a spear at the horse & is punished by the gods, so the Trojans believe Sinon. |
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Term
| Why does Anchises finally agree to flee Troy? |
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Definition
| Iulus’ head spontaneously lights up with flames. A thunderbolt and shooting star confirm the sign. |
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Term
| How does Dido respond when she learns Aeneas is leaving Carthage? |
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Definition
| She curses Aeneas’ family and then kills herself. |
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Term
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Definition
| The ferryman of the river Styx. |
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Term
| What are the Fields of Mourning? What is Tartarus? Elysium? |
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Definition
Fields of Mourning – place where people who died of heartbreak go
Tartarus – where evildoers are punished
Elysium – a meadow where the good wander freely |
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Term
| According to Anchises, what happens to spirits after they die? |
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Definition
| Good people are reincarnated by drinking from the river Lethe. |
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Term
| Why were the first emperors called Julio-Claudian? |
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Definition
| They were descended from either Augustus (and therefore Julius Caesar) or his wife Livia (and therefore Claudius). |
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Term
| Describe Tiberius’ career before he became emperor. |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| A praetorian prefect & equestrian who wanted the throne, so he seduced Drusus’ wife, poisoned Tiberius’ son, and killed all of Germanicus’ kids except Caligula. |
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Term
| Describe some of Caligula’s “crazy” acts. |
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Definition
| He boned all his sisters, made himself a god, named a horse consul, killed people randomly, and declared war on the ocean. |
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Term
| How did Claudius become emperor? |
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Definition
| When the praetorian guard ransacked the palace, they captured Claudius and forced him to become emperor and serve them. |
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Term
| Why was Nero rumored to have started the Great Fire of 64 AD? |
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Definition
| He built a golden pleasure house on top of the burnt vacant land |
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Term
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Definition
| The queen of the Iceni who led a failed rebellion against the Romans |
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Term
| How did Nero’s reign end? |
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Definition
| He killed a popular general and then fled for his life from Rome. |
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Term
| How did Galba’s reign end? Otho’s? |
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Definition
| Galba was assassinated by Otho. Otho committed suicide. |
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Term
| What is the meaning of the phrase “bread and circuses”? |
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Definition
| Appeasing the public with food and games. |
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Term
| Describe Rome’s attitude towards foreign religions. |
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Definition
| They were tolerant of most religions except the Druids and the Jews. |
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