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| Bronze Age; Age of Heroes |
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| Romulus founds Rome (traditional date) |
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| Tarquin the Arrogant (7th and last king) expelled from Rome |
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| Horatius Cocles wards the Etruscan army on a bridge away from Rome |
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| Publication of the Twelve Tables |
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| 1st plebeian elected to the consulship |
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| Rome defeats/dissolves the Latin League |
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| confederation of ~30 villages/tribes in the Latium region near ancient Rome |
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| Plesbicita laws become binding on all of Rome with senate approval |
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| laws created by the plebeians |
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| Roman victory over the Samnites |
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| Senate right to veto on plebiscita abolished |
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| Greeks rebel against Roman power; Macedonia and north Africa annexed; Corinth burns |
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| Tribunate of Tiberius Sempronius Gracchus; he promotes grain distribution |
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| Tribunate of Gaius Sempronius Gracchus; promotes fixed low grain price + equestrians as judges rather than just senators |
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| Rome's Italian allies rebel and demand citizenship |
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| Roman citizenship granted to all Italians |
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| Sulla appointed dictator; posts proscription lists |
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| lists of people that Sulla the Dictator wanted killed; anyone who killed someone on that list could collect a bounty |
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| Spartacus's slave revolt; Verres is governor of Sicily |
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| Cicero is consul; Syria is annexed |
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| Formation of the first Triumvirate |
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| Crassus, Pompey, and Caesar |
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| Caesar crosses the Rubicon; Pompey and his supporters flee |
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| Outbreak of civil war; Ides of March |
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| mosaic floors, weapons, statues, roads, bridges, stuff that gives insight into Romans' everyday life |
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| inscriptions of tombs/monuments/coins, etc |
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| evidence taken from a comparable state in order to gain information about the Romans |
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| Pros of using archaeological evidence to reconstruct ancient Roman history |
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| gives details into the everyday life of Romans |
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| Cons of using archaeological evidence to recreate ancient Roman history |
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finds are out-of-context, difficult to date, and incomplete
not much evidence exists
only some kinds of human activities leave traces - others are left in the dust |
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| defining features of a city-state |
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clearly defined urban core
formed during Orientalizing Period
population: 1,000 to 10,000+
had an army
aristocracy of elite families that dominate Roman life
surrounding land has hamlets/shrines/farms that link rural life to urban life |
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