Term
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Definition
| made of combined minerals |
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Term
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Definition
| made up of the remains of ancient plants that have been buried and pressed into rock |
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Term
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Definition
| break apart, wear away; pressed and heated together; melt |
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Term
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Definition
| a rock not made of minerals; natural glass; no crystal structure; igneous rock |
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Term
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Definition
| forms when MOLTEN ROCK COOLS and becomes a SOLID |
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Term
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Definition
| forms by heat and pressure |
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Term
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Definition
| can be raised to Earth's surface over time |
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Term
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Definition
| granite and gabbro; forms when magma cools WITHIN Earth |
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Term
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Definition
| Rhyolite, pumice, and basalt (found on ocean floor); forms when LAVA cools on Earth's surface |
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Term
| intrusive rock crystal size |
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Definition
| LARGE crystals form because the HIGH temperatures allow MAGMA to cool SLOWLY which allows time for LARGE crystals to form |
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Term
| extrusive rock crystal size |
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Definition
| VERY SMALL crystals form because LOWER temperature on Earth's surface allow LAVA to cool QUICKLY |
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Term
| How did the Ship Rock Form? |
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Definition
| Formed below the Earth's surface 30 million years ago from cooled magma from a volcano. As magma pushed upward, it made formations and channels. The surface rock was worn away to reveal this large rock formation. |
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Term
| What kind of rock makes up Ship Rock in New Mexico? |
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Definition
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Term
| How does a cone shaped volcano form? |
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Definition
| Pressure builds and LAVA that is rich in SILICA explodes; this volcano has steep sides; Ex. Mt. St. Helens; |
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Term
| How is a volcano with sloping sides formed? |
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Definition
| LAVA that is LOW in SILICA flows in thin sheets. It builds huge volcanoes with sloping sides; Ex. Hawaiian Islands |
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Term
| How do geologists classify rock? |
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Definition
| by how rich the rock is in SILICA |
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Term
| What determines the color of igneous rock? |
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Definition
the level of silica
- low levels of silica are DARK in color, like gabbro and basalt
-high levels of silica are LIGHT in color like granite and rhyolite |
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Term
| How are rock particles broken away from larger rocks? |
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Definition
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Term
| How can sediment be changed into rock? |
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Definition
| as rock particles settle on land or at the bottom of rivers, lakes, and oceans SEDIMENTS form LAYERS of larger and smaller particles that are PRESSED together by the overlaying LAYERS to form conglomerate, sandstone, or shale. |
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Term
| Conglomerate rock is what kind of rock? |
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Definition
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Term
| Sandstone and shale are what kind of rock? |
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Definition
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Term
| Coal is what kind of rock? |
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Definition
| Sedimentary rock not made from sediments,but made from the ancient remains of plants |
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Term
| What kind of rock is limestone? |
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Definition
| Sedimentary rock that is formed by the shells and skeletons (calcite) that settle on the ocean floor as layers that are buried, PRESSED and CEMENTED together |
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Term
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Definition
| it is formed where minerals CRYSTALIZE along the edges of lakes and oceans where the climate is dry and a lot of water EVAPORATES quickly |
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Term
| What kind of rock is rock salt? |
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Definition
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Term
| The oldest layers of sedimentary rock are found on what layer? |
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Definition
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Term
| What kind of layers does a flood create? |
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Definition
| The largest particles are at the very bottom of the layer. Particles higher in the layer become increasingly smaller. The shows the the water carrying the sediment was slowing down. |
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Term
| How can geologists tell the direction in which water or wind was moving from rock? |
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Definition
- tilted layers called crossbeds on the slopes of sand dunes or sandbars
-ripples in the surface
-mudcracks on the surface |
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Term
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Definition
| the process in which an existing rock is changed by heat or pressure or both |
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Term
| What are the original parent rocks of metamorphic rock? |
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Definition
| sedimentary or igneous rock and even metamorphic rock |
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Term
| what is recrystallization? |
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Definition
| the process by which heat and pressure break the bonds that join atoms in minerals. |
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Term
| What happens during recrystallization? |
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Definition
-first, individual mineral crystals can grow larger as more atoms join their crystal structures
-second, atoms combine in different ways to form new minerals in the place of old ones; Ex. shale (sedimentary rock) recrystallizes to form garnet (metamorphic rock) |
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Term
| Why do rocks buried deeper in the crust change? |
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Definition
| they change because pressure and temperature increase with depth |
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Term
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Definition
| an arrangement of minerals in flat or wavy parallel bands |
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Term
| What happens to the minerals in a foliated rock? |
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Definition
| minerals FLATTEN out or LINE UP in BANDS under PRESSURE |
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Term
| How do nonfoliated rocks form? |
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Definition
| mineral crystals are NOT lined up and the parent rock is made up of 1 mineral; Ex. marble and quartzite |
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