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| Increased taxes and treated foreigners better than the Englishmen. |
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| Took control of the government and called the first meeting of Parliament in 1265 |
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| The first pure Englishman to sit on the throne since the Norman conquest. Nicknamed "Longshanks" |
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| Precise petitions that members of Parliament would present to the king for his enactment before they would agree to new taxes.` |
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| Was manipulated by a group of selfish men and was forced to abdicate |
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| Unified the people and the Parliament increased in power and divided into two institutions under him. |
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| Consisted of the great church leaders and nobles |
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| Consisted of representatives of the English nation |
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| Llewellyn Prince of Wales |
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| Refused to pay homage to Edward I and was slain |
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| Restless Celtic tribe that often withheld tribute and refused homage |
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| Was brought into the English kingdom, but revolted under Sir William Wallace, the national hero of Scotland |
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| Represented the Scottish nobles and fought the Battle of Bannockburn in 1314 with Edward II |
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| The clash between England and France that lasted from 1337 to 1453 |
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| Crecy, Poitiers, and Agincourt |
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| Where England won several famous battles over France |
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| A peasant girl who led the French army into battle, but was captured and executed by the English |
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| The only port that the English owned after the Hundred Year's War |
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| The last Plantagenet King |
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| Formerly Henry of Lancaster and began the dynasty of the House of Lancaster |
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| The war between the Yorks and Lancasters in 1455 |
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| Formerly Edward the Duke of York |
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| The end of the War of Roses in 1485 |
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| Became Henry VII, the first Tudor King of England |
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| Developed after the Treaty of Verdun and named for the Franks |
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| Started the Capetian line of kings in 987 and marked the start of the modern French nation |
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| The small patch of land centered on Paris that Hugh Capet owned |
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| Made the French monarchy stronger than any other single noble in France |
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| Also named St. Louis. France was the most powerful country in Europe at the end of his reign. |
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| Arrested the Pope and initiated the "Babylonian Captivity of the Papacy" |
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| The French version of Parliament |
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| Claimed the throne of France in 1328 |
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