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| Soviet Union became this state |
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| Soviet Union controlled by |
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| powerful and complex bureaucracy |
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| Stalin proposed these plans |
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| 5 year plans (to improve the economy) |
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| government officials made all basic economic decisions |
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| brought under government control |
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| Stalin wanted peasants to farm where |
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| on state-owned farms or collectives |
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| large farms owned and operated by peasants as a group |
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| Stalin liquidated this class due to refusal of collectives |
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| Stalin took grain from peasants during this |
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| system of brutal labor camps |
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| cracked down on Old Bolsheviks, any opposition |
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Stalin has increased power
important people were killed |
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made Stalin a god-like figure
improved trust in Communist system
evil capitalism |
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| show Soviet life in a positive light and promote hope in the Communist future through writing |
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| writers and authors jailed, tortured if |
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| they didn't follow social realism |
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| policy making a nationality's culture more Russian |
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| russification made other SSR's |
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| have to adapt to the Russian language and way of life |
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| Communists tried to replace religion with |
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| most people were excluded from |
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| Communist party membership |
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| free, Communist-built schools |
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| Under Communism, woman won |
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| organized Fascist party in Italy |
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| Mussolini organized supporters into |
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| party militants that rejected the democratic process in favor of violent action |
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| tens of 1000's of Fascists swarmed towards the capital where Mussolini was named prime minister by the king to avoid civil war |
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| Mussolini's title after taking more power |
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| Mussolini brought economy under |
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| a one party dictatorship attempts to regulate every aspect of the lives of its citizens |
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| any centralized, authoritarian government that is not communist whose policies glorify the state over the individual and are destructive to basic human rights |
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extreme nationalism
aggressive foreign expansion
glorified warfare
antidemocratic |
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strong, stable government
sense of power and confidence |
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| socialists and communists |
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| win 2 year Russian civil war |
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| where Russian government runs |
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| committee that ran Russian government |
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| seemed to be leading candidate after Lenin |
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| controlled administrators and was General Secretary |
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| kicked out of USSR, stripped of power |
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| Stalin does this for Bolsheviks |
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| bringing farmland under control of state; forcible consolidation of peasant farms into large state controlled enterprise |
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| fate of kulaks (rich peasants) |
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| liquidated by Stalin, sent to prison camps |
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| ramifications of collective farming |
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| increase in prison camps, decrease in farming -> forced famine |
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increase industry
strengthen military |
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| convert agrarian economy to |
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| Italian fascist party created as alternative |
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| became leader of Fascist party |
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| armed groups of fascist thugs |
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| action first, philosophy later |
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| peaceful march to claim power in Italy |
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| King allows Mussolini to be |
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| sharing of power in government (no majority) |
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| vocal member of parliament against Mussolini who was killed |
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| signed between pope and Italy making Catholicism official religion of Italy and making Vatican City sovereign |
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| democratic government in Germany after WWI |
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| Problems with Weimar Republic |
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not used to ruling themselves
deal with ramifications of Treaty of Versailles
bad economy
attempted revolts
many small political parties |
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| volunteer units of army veterans |
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| forerunners of Nazi Party |
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| leader of Nazis and teams up with Ludendorf |
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| Hitler enlists help of stormtroopers (brown shirts) and takes over beer hall and War Ministry Bldg. but is captured and goes to jail |
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| cant take over by force, must do it democratically |
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| deputy to Hitler and #3 in Nazi party |
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| Golden Age of Weimar Republic |
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| Nazi minister of propaganda |
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| 1933 Hindenburg appoints new chancellor |
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| Third Reich (Nazi Germany) |
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| hated Jews and Communists for |
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| wrote poem as stormtrooper that became Nazi national anthem |
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| Hitler's plan to make 1 party state |
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| get list Communists, burn down Reichstag, blame those on list |
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| Dutch Communist that burns down Reichstag |
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| effects of Reichstag fire |
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civil liberties suspended
death penalty reinstated
arrest Communists before elections to get Nazi majority |
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| March 1933 gave Hitler dictator-like powers |
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Reichstag Fire
General Election to gain majority
Enabling Act
creates secret police
opposition banned |
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| takes over police force and local governments |
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| #2 in Nazi party, WWI ace, leader of Luftwaffe, conspired Reichstag burning |
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Reichswehr
SA stormtroopers |
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| army who swore allegiance to Hitler and Nazis |
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| leader of SA stormtroopers |
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| purging of SA done by Gestapo and SS where Rohm + 150 officers + 1000's killed; rise of SS + Gestapo; anyone who tried to stop Hitler's rise was killed |
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| wore black and started concentration camps |
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| after Hindenburg dies in 1934 |
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| Reichswehr swears allegiance to Hitler, merges responsibilities of chancellor and president |
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| Hitler's home aka the Eagle's Nest |
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| Hitler's niece lover who shoots herself |
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| Hitler's most famous love |
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| looked upon as foreignors and were used as scapegoats |
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| WWI and economic downturn |
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| took away Jewish citizenship and voting rights, prevented mixed blood |
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| number of Jewish grandparents to be Jewish |
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| diplomat killed by Polish Jew, Hitler responds with pogrom |
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| organized and officially sanctioned massacre of minority group |
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| make military machine, make Germany self-sufficient |
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| Aryan kids trained to be part of the race |
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| annual Party rallies that strengthened cult of Hitler |
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| where Jesse Owens won, first televised, first torch relay |
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