Term
| name 3 main types of typhus seen worldwide |
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Definition
Louse borne typhus
Scrub typhus
African tick typhus |
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Term
| Louse bourne typhus is caused by which Rickettsia? |
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Definition
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Term
| Louse borne typhus caused by R prowazekki and transmitted to humans by? |
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Definition
| infected faeces of human body louse pediculus humanus. It is usually scratched into the skin |
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Term
| in which type of populations does louse borne typhus occur in? |
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Definition
| malnourished migrants with poor hygiene e.g refugee camps |
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Term
| clinical features of louse borne typhus |
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Definition
incubation 12 hours
fever/myalgia/headache then prostration
Conjuctival suffusion |
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Term
| Describe the rash of louse borne typhus which appears on day 3-4? |
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Definition
central and macular
there is also conjunctival suffusion |
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Term
| how is louse borne typhus diagnosed? |
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Definition
clinical dx in epidemics
PCR
Weil-Felix serological test can be used (pCR better) |
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Term
| treatment fro louse borne typus? |
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Definition
Tetracycline or chloramphenicol 7/7
Supportive care |
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Term
| Preventitive measures in epidemic of louse born typhus? |
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Definition
Delousing procedures
200mg doxycycline single dose to all those at risk |
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Term
| rickettsial prowazekki causes.... |
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Definition
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Term
scrub typhus AKA
mite tyhus AKA..... |
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Definition
Tsutsugamushi fever
caused by orienta tsutsugamushi/rickettsia tsutsugamushi |
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Term
|
Definition
Orienta tsutsumagushi aka
R tsutsumagushi |
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Term
| Scrub typhus is a zoonosis of? |
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Definition
rodents
Humans are infected by bites of infected larval mites |
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Term
| HOw are humans infected in scrub typus? |
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Definition
by bites from infected larval mites.
It is naturally a zoonosis of rodents |
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Term
| clinical features of scrub typhus? |
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Definition
5-10 day inc period
Eschar at site of mite bite
fever/headache/myalgia/prostration
Similar rash to louse borne typhus |
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Term
| scrub typhus and weil-felix test?? |
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Definition
Weil-Felix is insensitive in this form of typhus.
Dx is clinical |
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Term
louse borne typhus caused by?
scrub typhus caused by? |
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Definition
Louse borne - R prowazekki
Scrub typhus - R tsutsugamushi |
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Term
| treatment for scrub typhus? |
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Definition
tetracycline and chloramphenicol
Simplest and optimal rx is doxycycline 200mg 3-7 days |
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Term
| prevention of scrub typhus? |
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Definition
avoid mite infested areas
impregnation of clothing with permethrin
prophylactic doxycycline in high risk areas |
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Term
| where does scrub typhus occur? |
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Definition
SE asia
Oceania
North austrailia |
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Term
| causative organism for African tick typhus? |
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Definition
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Term
| Organism causing rocky mountain spotted fever? |
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Definition
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Term
| incubation period for rickettsial illnesses? |
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Definition
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Term
| where do rickettsias localise once they are inoculated into the human body? |
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Definition
| endothelial lining of small blood vessels causing vasculitis |
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Term
| are all rickettsial disease vector borne? |
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Definition
| No they are not all vector borne |
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Term
| what sing might indicate a rickettsial infection at mite bite site? |
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Definition
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Term
| Which drugs are recommended to rx rickettsial diseases? |
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Definition
tetracycline
chloramphenicol and doxycycline |
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Term
| Borrelia recurrentis is transmitted by? |
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Definition
| Pediculus Humans corporis |
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Term
| what does the soft tick Ornithodoros transmit? |
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Definition
| Various types of borrelia relapsing fevers |
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Term
| Xenopsylla cheopis transmits? |
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Definition
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Term
| Which bacteria causes plague? |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| Tungiasis/tunga penetrans |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| vector of louse borne eoidemic typus due to R prowazekki? |
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Definition
Human body louse
pediculus humanus corporis |
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Term
|
Definition
| Chiggers (larval mites ) - Trombiculidae |
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Term
| name the 4 different types of vectors for rickettsial infections |
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Definition
Louse typus
Mite typus
Tick typhus
Flea typhus - R typhi |
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Term
| What causes flea borne typhus? |
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Definition
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Term
| epidemic typhus does not present with which sign? |
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Definition
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Term
| ricketsiall bacteria are? |
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Definition
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Term
| All rickettsial illnesses respond to which medication? |
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Definition
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Term
| where is brucellosis more common in? |
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Definition
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Term
| how long is duration of rx for brucellosis? |
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Definition
| min 6/52 with at least 2 abx |
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Term
| most reliable method of dx brucellosis? |
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Definition
BC
the most common method is serological testing |
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Term
| What needs to be done to diagnostic cutoffs when serology testing in endemic areas? |
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Definition
| They need to be set higher in endemic areas compared to non endemic areas |
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Term
| 4 types of brucellosis known to cause human disease |
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Definition
B abortus
B canis
B mellitensis
B suis |
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Term
| Most prevalent and most virulent Brucella species? |
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Definition
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Term
| How is brucellosis transmitted from animal to human? |
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Definition
ingestion of infected food products
direct contact with infected animal
inhalation of aerosols |
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Term
| which gram - coccobacillus is a common cause of abortions in animals? |
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Definition
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Term
| in brucellosis endemic areas, a person with difficulty walking is... |
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Definition
| Brucellosis until proven otherwise |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| Doxycycline and rifampicin for 6-12 weeks |
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Term
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Definition
vaccinate animals
in low endemicity regions - test and cull affected animals
Pasteurise milk and cook meat properly
Animal hygine handling
Public education
Educate healthcare staff about diagnosis |
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Term
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Definition
| Mediterranean/Malta fever |
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Term
we dont have brucellosis in the uk!!
you need to have a... |
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Definition
| Travel hx and/or someone who has been eating lots of soft/unpasteurised cheeses |
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Term
| what is special about brucellosis BC? |
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Definition
Prolonged culture
Also cat 3 pathogen (speak to lab as biohazard and requires specific conditions) |
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Term
| in animals brucellosis important causes of.... (3) |
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Definition
abortion
infertility
epididymitus |
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Term
| how long brucellosis BC be incubated for? |
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Definition
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Term
| why is the incubation period several weeks to months for brucellosis? |
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Definition
| the organism can remain hidden in the reticuloendothelial system |
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Term
| which organism causes Melioidiasis? |
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Definition
Burkholderia psuedomallei
gram - bacillus |
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Term
| which is most effected country for melioidiasis? |
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Definition
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Term
| pathogenesis of melioidosis? |
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Definition
| acquired by inoculation of contaminated soil or water but may occur by inhalation too. |
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Term
| signs and symptoms of melioidosis |
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Definition
most asymptomatic
localised abscess
organisms can remain latent within macrophages and cause disease many years after infection. |
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Term
| what do 70% of pts with melioidosis have? |
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Definition
pre disposing disease t2dm, ckd, cirrhosis, cancer, etoh xs inc binging and steroid therapy.
There is no association with HIV |
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Term
| clinical features of melioidosis? |
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Definition
Pneumonia
Fever
Skin abscess
Abscess on liver and spleen
Septicaemia (a/w poor prognsois) |
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Term
|
Definition
| definitive dx by culture of organism from blood/pus |
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Term
|
Definition
Parenteral ceftaziime or a carbopenam for min 10/7
PO maintenace therapy required after ivabx for 20/5 (Doxy and Septrin) |
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Term
| why is melioidosis difficult to rx? |
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Definition
| B pseudomonas is intrinsically resistant to a large number of abx |
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Term
| what is the acute mortality from melioidosis? |
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Definition
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Term
| melioidosis is a zoonotic disease? T/F |
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Definition
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Term
| name the gram - bacilli typically found in rice/paddy fields in se asia esp Thailand |
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Definition
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