Term
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Definition
Three shelves (superior, middle, inferior) covered by erectile mucosa, serves to increase the interior surface area [of the nasal cavity]
2 |
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Term
|
Definition
Provides drainage for the sphenoid and posterior ethmoid sinuses
2 |
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Term
|
Definition
Provides drainage for the frontal, anterior ethmoid, and maxillary sinuses
2 |
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Term
|
Definition
Contains the orifice of the nasolacrimal duct
2 |
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Term
|
Definition
Sickle-shaped thin bony part of the ethmoid bone, covered by mucoperiosteum, medial to the ethmoid infundibulum and lateral to the middle turbinate (derived from the second ethmoid turbinal)
2 |
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Term
|
Definition
Pyramidal space that houses the drainage of the maxillary, anterior ethmoid, and frontal sinuses
2 |
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Term
| Variants of frontal sinus drainage patterns |
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Definition
80% attach to lamina papyracea leading to drainage medial to uncinate, 20% attach to skull base or middle turbinate leading to drainage lateral to uncinate into the infundibulum
2 |
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Term
|
Definition
Gap that empties the ethmoid infundibulum, located between the uncinate process and the ethmoid bulla
2 |
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Term
| Location of sphenopalatine foramen |
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Definition
Posterior to inferior attachment of the middle turbinate
2 |
|
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Term
| Contents of sphenopalatine foramen |
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Definition
Sphenopalatine artery
Sensory nerve fibers
Parasympathetic fibers from vidian nerve to pterygopalatine ganglion
2 |
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Term
|
Definition
Aerated middle turbinate, may result in nasal obstruction
2 |
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Term
|
Definition
Region referring to the anterior ethmoids contining the ostia of the maxillary, frontal and ethmoid sinuses lateral to the middle turbinate
2 |
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Term
|
Definition
Areas of the lateral nasal wall where no bone exists, located above the insertion of the inferior turbinate, may be the site of acessory maxillary ostia
2 |
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Term
| Nasolacrimal duct (location) |
|
Definition
Located lateral to the anterior uncinate process
2 |
|
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Term
| Nasolacrimal sac (location) |
|
Definition
Lateral to the agger nasi cell and opens into the inferior meatus
2 |
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Term
| Drainage of the frontal sinus |
|
Definition
Frontal recess in anterior middle meatus either medial or lateral to the uncinate. May be posterior and medial to agger nasi cells or lateral to agger nasi cells.
3 |
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Term
| Blood supply of frontal sinus |
|
Definition
Supraorbital artery
Supratrochlear arteries
Ophthalmic (cavernous sinus) vein
Supraorbital (anterior facial) vein
3 |
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Term
| Plain film views of frontal sinus evaluation |
|
Definition
Lateral and Caldwell views
3 |
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Term
| Frontal recess (definition) |
|
Definition
Drainage space between the frontal sius and semilunar hiatus.
3 |
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Term
| Frontal recess (boundaries) |
|
Definition
Posterior wall of agger nasi cell
Lamina papyracea
Middle turbinate
3 |
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Term
|
Definition
Small venules that drain the sinus mucosa into the dural veins
3 |
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Term
| Frontal sinus (development) |
|
Definition
This sinus does not appear until 5-6 years old and is 4-7mL by 12-20 years.
5-10% underdeveloped
3 |
|
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Term
| Frontal sinus (innervation) |
|
Definition
Supraorbital nerve
Supratrochlear nerve
Both from CNV1
3 |
|
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Term
| Maxillary sinus (development) |
|
Definition
First sinus to develop in utero, biphasic growth at 3 and 7-18 years old
15 mL in volume as adult
3 |
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Term
| Maxillary sinus (drainage) |
|
Definition
Drains into the ethmoid infundibulum in the middle meatus
10 - 30% however have accessory ostium
3 |
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Term
| Maxillary sinus (blood supply) |
|
Definition
Internal maxillary artery <- external carotid
Facial artery <- external carotid
Maxillary vein -> retromandibular
3 |
|
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Term
| Maxillary sinus (innervation) |
|
Definition
Infraorbital nerve from CNV3
3 |
|
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Term
| Plain film view of Maxillary sinus |
|
Definition
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|
Term
| Maxillary sinus (adjacent structures) |
|
Definition
Adjacent structures:
Lateral nasal wall
Alveolar process of maxilla
Orbital floor
Posterior maxillary wall
3 |
|
|
Term
| Contents of pterygopalatine fossa |
|
Definition
Internal maxillary artery
Pterygopalatine ganglion
Branches of CNV
3 |
|
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Term
| Ethmoid sinus (development) |
|
Definition
3-4 cells at birth (most developed at birth)
10-15 aerated cells, 2-3 mL total volume
Adult size by 12-15 years
3 |
|
|
Term
| 5 turbinals of the ethmoid sinus |
|
Definition
Agger Nasi
Uncinate
Ethmoid bulla
Ground lamella
Posterior wall of most posterior cell
3 |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Anterior cells drain into ethmoid infundibulum in the middle meatus
Posterior cells drain into the sphenoethmoidal recess in the superior meatus
3 |
|
|
Term
| Ethmoid sinus (blood supply) |
|
Definition
Anterior ethmoid artery <- ophthalmic <- ICA
Posterior ethmoid artery <- ophthalmic <- ICA
Maxillary vein -> retromandibular
Ethmoid veins -> cavernous sinus
3 |
|
|
Term
| Ethmoid sinus (innervation) |
|
Definition
Anterior ethmoidal nerve (nasociliary nerve, CNV1)
Posterior ethmoidal nerve (nasociliary nerve, CNV1)
4 |
|
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Term
| Plain film view of ethmoid sinus |
|
Definition
Lateral view
Caldwell view
4 |
|
|
Term
| Ethmoid sinus (Adjacent structures) |
|
Definition
Adjacent structures:
Skull base
Anterior ethmoid artery (roof of anterior cells)
Nasal cavity
Orbit
4 |
|
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Term
|
Definition
Most anterior of anterior ethmoid cells found anterior and superior to the middle turbinate attachement to the lateral wall
The posterior wall of the agger nasi cells forms the anterior wall of the frontal recess
4 |
|
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Term
|
Definition
The largest of the anterior ethmoid cells that lies above the infundibulum.
The anterior ethmoid artery courses the roof of this cell.
4 |
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Term
| Posterior lamella of middle turbinate |
|
Definition
| Bony attachment of the middile turbinate which separates anterior and posterior ethmoid cells
4 |
|
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Term
| Anterior lamella of middle turbinate |
|
Definition
Bony attachment of middle turbinate inserts vertically into the crista ethmoidalis
4 |
|
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Term
| Middle part of ground lamella of middle turbinate |
|
Definition
Bony part of middle turbinate that inserts obliquely into the lamina papyracea
4 |
|
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Term
| Posterior part of ground lamella of middle turbinate |
|
Definition
Bony part of middle turbinate that attaches to the lamina horizontally
4 |
|
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Term
|
Definition
Ethmoid cells that pneumatize lateral or posterior to anterior wall of the sphenoid
Carotid artery may indent into the lateral wall
4 |
|
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Term
|
Definition
Ethmoid cells that extend into maxillary sinus above the osmium, pneumatic the medial and inferior orbital walls
4 |
|
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Term
|
Definition
Lateral thin bony wall of the ethmoid sinus, separates orbit from ethmoid cells as a part of the medial orbital wall
4 |
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Term
|
Definition
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|
Term
| Sphenoid sinus (development) |
|
Definition
0.5 - 0.8 mL as an adult
Full size at 12-18 years old
4 |
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Term
| Sphenoid sinus (Drainage) |
|
Definition
Drains into the sphenoethmoidal recess in the superior meatus
4 |
|
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Term
| Shenoid sinus (blood supply) |
|
Definition
Sphenopalatine artery <- IMA
Maxillary vein -> Pterygoid plexus
4 |
|
|
Term
| Sphenoid sinus (innervation) |
|
Definition
Sphenopalatine nerve (parasympathetic fibers and CNV2)
4 |
|
|
Term
| Plain films of sphenoid sinus |
|
Definition
Lateral and submentovertex (basal)
4 |
|
|
Term
| Sphenoid sinus (adjacent structures) |
|
Definition
Adjacent structures:
Pons
Pituitary (sella turcica)
Carotid artery (lateral wall)
CN II (lateral wall)
Cavernous sinus (lateral)
CNV2
CN VI
Clivus
4 |
|
|
Term
| Anatomic relationships of sphenoid ostium (5) |
|
Definition
Adjacent to posterior border of nasal septum
6-8 cm posterior to the anterior nasal spine
30˚ angle from floor of nose (most reliable)
Typically 1.5 cm above the choanal floor
1/3 up from the choana to the base of skull
6 |
|
|
Term
| Name the 4 nasal cartilages |
|
Definition
Upper lateral cartilage (paired)
Lower lateral (alar) cartilages (paired)
Sesamoid cartilage
Lesser alar cartilage
6 |
|
|
Term
| Name the components of the nasal septum (5) |
|
Definition
Quadrangular cartilage
Perpendicular plate of the ethmoid
Vomer
Nasal crest (maxillary and palatine bone)
Anterior nasal spine |
|
|
Term
| External innervation of the nose (3) |
|
Definition
Supratrochlear and infratrochlear nerve (CN V1) - nasal dorsum
External nasal branch of anterior ethoid (CN V1) - nasal tip
Infraorbital nerve (CN V2) - malar, lateral nsoe, and subnasal regions
6 |
|
|
Term
| Internal innervation of the nose (4) |
|
Definition
Internal nasal branch of anterior ethmoid (CN V1) - anterosuperior nasal cavity
Posterior ethmoid nerve (CN V1) - posterior nasal cavity
Sphenopalatine nerve (CN V2) - posterior and inferior nasal cavity
Superior alveolar nerves (CN V2)
6 |
|
|
Term
| Arterial supply nose of the nose from the external carotid artery. |
|
Definition
Internal maxillary artery
Greater and lesser palatine a <- descending palatine a
Medial (nasoseptal) and lateral nasal a <- sphenopalatine a
Facial artery
Nasal septum and alar branches of superior labial a
Lateral nasal artery
Angular artery
|
|
|
Term
| Arterial supply of the nose from the internal carotid artery |
|
Definition
Ophthalmic artery
Anterior ethmoid artery - lateral nasal wall and septum
Posterior ethmoid artery - superior concha and septum
Dorsal nasal artery - external nose
8 |
|
|
Term
| Greater palatine vein drains into the ____ |
|
Definition
posterior facial vein (external jugular vein) and cavernous sinus
8 |
|
|
Term
| Septal veins drain into _____ |
|
Definition
anterior facial vein (internal jugular vein)
8 |
|
|
Term
| Sphenopalatine vein drains into ____ |
|
Definition
cavernous sinus and maxillary vein (internal jugular vein)
8 |
|
|
Term
| Anterior and posterior ethmoidal veins drain into ____ |
|
Definition
ophthalmic veins (cavernous sinus)
8 |
|
|
Term
| Angular veins drain into ____ |
|
Definition
anterior facial vein (internal jugular vein)
8 |
|
|
Term
| Sympathetic innervation provides vasoconstrictor tone to arteries and capacitance veins, mediated through these 3 substances. |
|
Definition
Norepinephrine
Neuropeptide Y
Avian pancreatic polypeptie (APP)
9 |
|
|
Term
| Parasympathetic innervation controls secretions and dilates resistance vessels mediated through these 3 substances. |
|
Definition
Acetylcholine
Vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP)
Peptide histamine isoleucine (PHI)
10 |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Embryologic space that normally fuses during the development of the frontal bones.
14 |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Embryologic space between the nasal bone and nasal cartilage
14 |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Region between ethmoid and frontal bones, connects with prenasal space.
14 |
|
|
Term
| Dura projects thorugh the ___, the ___ or ___ into skin with failure of anterior neuropore closure. |
|
Definition
Foramen cecum
Fronticulus frontalis (intranasally)
Prenasal space (extranasally)
14 |
|
|
Term
| Encephalocele (pathophysiology) |
|
Definition
Failed closure of neuropore or failed migration of neural crest cells resutls in ependymal-lined meninges herniation through the base of the skull; communicates with subarachnoid space (CSF filled)
14 |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Hernation contains meninges only
14 |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Hernation contains meninges and brain elements
14 |
|
|
Term
| Meningoencephalocystocele |
|
Definition
Hernation contains meninges, brain and part of the ventricular system
14 |
|
|
Term
| This is the most common location for a cranial encephalocele. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Defect occurs between frontal and ethmoid bones at the foramen cecum
14 |
|
|
Term
| Name the 3 subtypes of sincipital encephaloceles. |
|
Definition
Nasofrontal (glabellar lesion)
Nasoethmoidal (lateral nose lesion)
Nasoorbital (medial orbital wall lesion)
14 |
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