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| Statement with 2 or more meanings; can be lexical or structural. |
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| Usually short narrative of an interesting, amusing or biographical incident. |
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| Proves anticipation of potential counterarguments to audience, answers them, defuses audience's ability to oppose speaker. |
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| General to specific (top down), theory to hypothesis |
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| Start with facts, move to broader generalizations |
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| Statement with 3 premises, a+b=c |
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| Partial syllogism based on the probable rather than the positive premise based on implicit conjectures shared by the speaker/audience; speaker gives premise 1 and assumes audience will fill in missing parts and conclude. |
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| Quality apart from an object |
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| Attack on person, not ideas |
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| Guiding principle in taste; artistic sensibility |
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| Expression by means of symbolism; often involves generalization about human existence. |
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| Repetition of the same sound at the beginnings of successive words. |
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| Reference to previous literature/history. |
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| Extended comparison between 2 things that share a similarity; usually makes a point. |
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| Repetition of same words at the beginning of sentences/phrases. |
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| Normal word order is reversed/rearranged. |
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| Explanatory notes added to explain/cite. |
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| Rhetorical contrast through parallel word arrangements |
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| Brief saying embodying a moral/principle/precept; pointed words |
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| Absent person/abstract concept/ directly addressed |
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| Noun/noun phrase that renames another noun |
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| Writing that attempts to prove an point/idea |
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| Repetition of vowel sounds |
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| Conjunctions omitted, producing fast-paced, rapid prose. Commas used. |
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| Mood/pervasive feeling insinuated by literary work. |
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| Receiving end of rhetoric situation. |
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| How to integrate all parts of literature into a discussion (blends with argument) |
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| Exaggeration of specific thing |
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| Repetition of ideas in inverted order |
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| Writer arranges ideas in order of appearance. |
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| Spoken/written word that imitates informal speech. |
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| Opposite of abstract; senses |
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| Associations implied by words |
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| Identical consonant sounds in successive/close words |
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| Difficult riddle whose answer involves a pun/paradox. |
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| Simple image with no connotation |
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| Regional variety of a language |
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| Choice of words/phrases/structures: combine to create meaning/style/attitude/tone. |
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| Tone- designed to teach ethical/moral/religious lesson |
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| Speaker addresses a distinct but silent audience (imagined) to reveal a dramatic situation |
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| Mourning/sorrow: irrecoverably past. |
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| Omission of words that are understood but unnecessary |
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| Quotation at the beginning of literary work to suggest its theme. |
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| Ending a series of lines with the same word/phrase |
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| Substitution of an agreeable/inoffensive expression for one that may offend ("passed away" for "died", "collateral damage" for "civilian deaths") |
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| Several comparisons similar in theme are made |
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| Two cases are not sufficiently parallel to accept a claim of connection between them |
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| Figurative language/figures of speech |
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| Create a special effect/feeling: alliteration, hyperbole, metaphor |
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| General characteristics rather than specific details. |
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| Category/type of literature based on style/form/content. |
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| Excessive pride that leads a tragic hero to disregard warnings of impending doom, causing his downfall. |
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| Deliberate exaggeration for emphasis. |
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| Phrases/clauses arranged in a dependent/subordinate relationship. |
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| A person's personal language/word choice. |
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| Expression individual to a given language. |
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| Representation of objects/feelings/actions/ideas: appeals to different senses. |
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