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| single word or short phrase, usually interrupting normal syntax, used to lend emphasis to the words immediately proximate to the expletive. |
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| omitting conjunctions between words, phrases, or clauses. gives the effect of unpremeditated multiplicity, of an extemporaneous rather than a labored account |
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| use of a conjunction between each word, phrase, or clause, and is thus structurally the opposite of asyndeton |
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| deliberately expressing an idea as less important than it actually is |
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| particular form of understatement, generated by denying the opposite or contrary of the word which otherwise would be used |
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| recurrent syntactical similarity. Several parts of a sentence or several sentences are expressed similarly to show that the idea in the parts or sentences are equally important |
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| Chiasmus (reverse paralellism) |
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| the second part of a grammatical construction is balanced or paralleled by the first part, in reverse order |
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| includes several similar rhetorical devices, all involving a grammatically correct linkage of two or more parts of speech by another part of speech |
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| establishes a clear, contrasting relationship between two ideas by joining them together or juxtaposing them |
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| the repetition of the same word or words at the beginning of successive clauses |
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| repetition of a preceding word, but it repeats a key world |
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| repeats the beginning word of a clause or sentence at the end |
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| raising one or more question and then proceeding to answer them |
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| question that does not need and answer |
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| anticipating an objection and answering it. permits an argument to continue moving forward while tanking into account points or reasons opposing either the train of though or its final conclusions. |
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| brief statement of what has been said and what will follow. (linking, running, transitional summary) |
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| an explicit reference to a particular meaning or to the various meanings of a word, in order to remove or prevent ambiguity |
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| emphasizes an idea by expressing it in a string of generally synonymous phrases or statements. |
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| asserts or emphasizes something by pointedly seeming to pass over, ignore, or deny it |
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| qualifies a statement by recalling it and expressing it in a better, milder, or stonger way |
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| expresses doubt about a idea or conclusion |
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| comparison between two different things that resemble each other in at least one way (like or as) |
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| compares two things, which are alike in several respects, for the purpose of explaining or clarifying some unfamiliar or difficult idea or object by showing the idea or object is similar to some familiar one |
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| compares two different things by speaking of one in terms of the other |
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| an extravagant, implied metaphor using words in an alien or unusual way |
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| type of metaphor in which the part stands for the whole |
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| another form of metaphor, very similar to synecdoche, in which the thing chosen for the metaphorical image is closely associated with the subject with which it is to be compared |
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| giving human attributes to a non human thing |
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| deliberately exaggerates conditions for emphasis or effect |
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| short, informal reference to a famous person or event |
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| substitutes for a particular attribute the name of a famous person recognized for that attribute |
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| a paradox reduced to two words |
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| adjective or adjective phrase appropriately qualifying a subject by naming a key or importing characteristics of the subject |
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| several rhetorical devices involving departure from normal world order |
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| final form of hyperbaton, consists of word, phrase or whole sentence inserted as an aside in the middle of another sentence |
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| recurrence of initial consonant sounds |
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| use of worlds whose pronunciation imitates the sound the world describes |
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| interrupts the discussion or discourse and addresses directly a person or personified thing, either present or absent |
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| an informally-stated syllogism which omits either one of the premises or the conclusion |
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| arranging words, clauses, or sentences in order of increasing importance, weight... |
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| repetition of a world or phrase after an intervening word or phrse |
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| reversing the order of repeated words or phrases to intensify the final formulation, to present alternatives, or to show contrast |
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| one word irony, established by context |
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| stopping abruptly and leaving a statement unfinished |
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| finishing a sentence with a different grammatical structure than which it began |
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| detailing parts, causes, effects, or consequences to make a point more forcibly |
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| placing a good point or benefit next to a fault criticism in order to reduce impact from the negative point |
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| placing a good point or benefit next to a fault criticism in order to reduce impact from the negative point |
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| placing a good point or benefit next to a fault criticism in order to reduce impact from the negative point |
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| placing a good point or benefit next to a fault criticism in order to reduce impact from the negative point |
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| writing succesive independent clauses, with coordinating conjuctions, or no conjuctions |
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| using subordination to show the relationship between clauses or phrases |
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| quoting a maxim or wise saying to apply a general truth to the situation; concluding or summing foregoing material by offering a single pithy statement of general wisdom |
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| citing an example; using an illustrative story, either true or fictitious |
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| using more words than required to express an idea; bing redundant. |
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| similar vowel sounds repeated in successive or proximate words containing different consonants |
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| mentionin a balancing or opposing act to prevent the argumetn from being one-sided or unqualified |
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| combining anaphora and epistrophe, so that one word or phrase is repeated at the beginning and another word or phrase is repeated at the end of successive phrases, clauses, or sentences |
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