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| a play on the meaning of words |
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| an implied comparasion between two unlike things |
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| an explicit comparison between two unlike things signaled by the use of like or as |
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| attributing human qualities to an inanimate object |
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| the writer takes on another voice or role that states the opposite of what is expressed. the subject or nature is out of keeping with the words, and the speaker clearly means something other than what is said |
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| exaggeration, deliberate for emphasis |
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| opposite of hyperbole, instensifies an idea by understatement |
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| a part is substituted for the whole |
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| designation of one thing with something closely associated with it (chair, crown, press) |
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| contradiction, two contradictory terms used together |
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| a statement that appears to be contradictory but in fact, has some truth |
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| refers to the use of words whose sound reinforces their meaning (drip, cackle, bang, snarl, pop) |
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| commonly defined as those that do not require an answer |
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| turning away from the audience to address someone or something not present |
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| substituting less pungent words for harsh ones |
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| expresses similar or related ideas in similar grammatical structure |
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| gramatical struture of the first clause or phrase is reversed in the second, sometimes repeating the same words (i.e. "ask not what your country can do for you; ask what you can do for your country) |
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| the writer arranges ideas in order of importance |
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| repition at the end of a clause of the word that occurred at the beginning |
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| repition of the same word or group of words at the end of sucessive clauses (opposite of anaphora) |
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