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| to break down and keep the same substance ex: root action |
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Definition
| to break down and get a new substance ex: rust |
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Definition
| gravity, wind, water, glaciers |
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Term
| What causes sediments to be round? |
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Definition
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Term
| What causes sediments to be angular? |
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Definition
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Term
| Where are Earthquakes, volcanoes, and faults found? |
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Definition
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Definition
| crack in the Earth's crust |
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Term
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Definition
| primary waves that go through solids and liquids |
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Definition
| secondary waves that only go through solids |
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Definition
| longitudinal waves that run through the Earth's surface |
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Term
| What waves do Earthquakes produce? |
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Definition
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Definition
| outer layer of the Earth's surface |
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Definition
| thinner than the continental crust |
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Definition
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Definition
| moves in currents and causes the tectonic plates to move |
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Term
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Definition
| Earth's third layer and is liquid |
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Term
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Definition
| Earth's fourth layer and is solid |
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Term
| What is the Earth's interior determined by? |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| one "super continent" made up of all the continents |
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Term
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Definition
| caused by the magma in the mantle rising through cracks in the ocean floor |
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Term
| How do you prove the theory that seafloor spreading is true? |
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Definition
| the age of the rocks with their relationship to the distance of the crack |
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Term
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Definition
| daily conditions of the atmosphere |
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Definition
| the yearly average of the daily weather |
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Term
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Definition
| tropsphere, stratosphere, mesosphere, and thermosphere |
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Term
| Only layer of the atmosphere that has water. |
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Definition
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Term
| % of gases in the atmosphere |
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Definition
| 78% nitrogen, 21% oxygen, 1% other |
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Term
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Definition
| instrument used to measure air temperature |
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Definition
| instrument used to measure air pressure |
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Definition
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Term
| hydrometer or psychrometer |
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Definition
| measures the amount of moisture in the air |
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Definition
| uneven heating of the Earth's surface |
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Definition
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Definition
| the direction which it came from |
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Definition
| cumluus, stratus, and cirrus |
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Definition
| rain, hail, snow, and sleet |
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Term
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Definition
| instrument used to measure rain |
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Term
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Definition
| stands for incoming solar radiation |
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Term
| What causes the different angles of insolation? |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| deflection or turning of the wind and ocean currents caused by the Earth's rotation |
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Definition
| evaporation, condensation, precipitation, and transpiration |
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Term
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Definition
| latitude, bodies of water, and mountains |
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Term
| Windard side of a mountain |
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Definition
| the side that is near the body of water and receives the wind and clouds. |
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Term
| Leeward side of the mountain |
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Definition
| has very little wind and is a drier climate |
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Term
| Where does an air mass get its characteristics from? |
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Definition
| from the area it is formed over |
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Term
| four main air mass conditions |
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Definition
| polar, tropical, continental, maritime |
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Term
| What type of weather conditions do high pressure systems bring? |
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Definition
| dry weather and clear skies |
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Term
| What type of weather conditions do low pressure systems bring? |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| cold mass pushes a warm mass |
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Term
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Definition
| warm mass pushes a cold mass |
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Term
| Where is precipitation found? |
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Definition
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Term
|
Definition
| connects points of equal temperatures |
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Term
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Definition
| connects points of equal air pressure |
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Term
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Definition
| harmful substances that cause pollution |
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Term
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Definition
| trapped CO2 in the atmosphere increasing global warming |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| 15 degrees per hour = 24 hours |
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Term
| What causes the apparent motion of the sun and length of day? |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| 1 degree per day = 365 days |
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Term
| What happens when the Earth is closer to the sun? |
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Definition
| we travel faster and the pull of gravity is stronger |
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Term
| Three reasons for seasons |
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Definition
| tilt, revolution, and the parallelism of the axis |
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Term
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Definition
| December 21st, 9 hours of light, sun strikes the Tropic of Capricorn - 23.5 degrees south - and we are perihelion (close to the sun) |
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Term
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Definition
| June 21st, 15 hours of light, sun strikes the Tropic of Cancer - 23.5 degrees North, we are in aphelion (far from the sun) |
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Term
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Definition
| fall - March 21st, Spring - September 23, 12 hours of light, Sun strikes the Equator |
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Term
| How does the Sun effect your shadow? |
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Definition
| the lower the angle of the sun, the longer your shadow. Low angles occur in the winter and at sunrise and sunset. High angle occur in the summer and at noon. |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| What helps prove the Earth rotates? |
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Definition
| Constellations and the Sun |
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Term
| My Very Educated Mother Just Served Us Nine Pizzas. |
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Definition
| anagram to remember the planets of our solar system: Mercury, Venus, Earth, Mars, Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus, Neptune, Pluto |
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Term
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Definition
| separates the solid planets from the gaseous planets (Mars and Jupiter) |
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Term
| What is the correalation between the revloution and distance from the sun? |
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Definition
| The further away from the sun, the longer the revolution |
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Term
| 29 1/2 days for revolution and rotation |
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Definition
| Moon rotates and revolves at the same rate |
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Term
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Definition
| new, crescent, half, gibbous, full |
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Term
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Definition
| Earth, moon, and Sun line up |
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Term
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Definition
| moon passes through the Earth's shadow |
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Term
|
Definition
| Moon casts its shadow on the Earth |
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Term
| What causes the Earth's tides? |
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Definition
| the moon's gravitational pull and they are cyclical |
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Term
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Definition
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Definition
| a meteor that passes through the Earth's atmosphere |
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Term
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Definition
| Planet -> Solar System -> Galaxy -> Universe |
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Term
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Definition
| the distance light travels in one year |
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Term
| What determines the color of a star? |
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Definition
| The tempertaure: red is cool, blue is hot |
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Term
| What is the main fuel of the sun? |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| star -> stable star -> compact star -> red giant -> nova -> white dwarf |
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Term
| What are all rocks composed of? |
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Definition
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Term
| How are physical properties of minerals tested by? |
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Definition
| streak, hardness, luster, cleavage, and color |
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Term
| How are Chemical properties of minerals tested? |
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Definition
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Term
| What determines the minerals properties? |
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Definition
| the internal arrangement of atoms |
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Term
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Definition
| hot liquid rock below the Earth''s surface |
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Term
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Definition
| hot liquid rock above the Earth's surface |
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Term
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Definition
| made by cooling magma...if cooled slowly, crystals will form, if cool rapidly, no crystals will form |
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Term
| How are sedimentary rocks made? |
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Definition
| the compression and cementation of sediments |
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Term
| What is the only type of rock that fossils are found in? |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| any rocks that are exposed to magma again causing heat and pressure |
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Term
| What are the key characteristics of metamorphic rocks? |
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Definition
| banding or lining up of mineral layers, sometimes causing folding |
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Term
| What are the rules for sequencing the history of rock layers? |
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Definition
| layers form horizontally, if not overturned, the oldest is on the bottom and the youngest is on top. A wavy line indicates erosion the black hair like lines means magma made contact |
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Term
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Definition
| run north and south and never meet |
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Term
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Definition
| run East and West and meet at the poles. They also separate time zones which equal 15 degrees per hour |
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Term
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Definition
| connect equal points of elevation |
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Term
| What is the correlation between elevation and air pressure? |
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Definition
| as you increase elevation or attitude, air pressure decreases |
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Term
| What is the basic unit of living things? |
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Definition
| Cells -> tissues -> organs -> systems -> organisms |
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Term
| What are the life processes that all all organisms must carry out? |
|
Definition
| nutrition, transport, respiration, excretion, regualtion, reproduction, and growth |
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Term
| What organelles do all cells have? |
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Definition
| nucleus (brain) - control activies, mitochondria (lungs)- respiration, vacuole (bladder)-stores, cell membrane (skin) controls what gets in and out of cell, cytoplasm (blood) transport, ribosomes - makes protein |
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Term
| What organells do only plant cells have? |
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Definition
| cell wall - supports and must contain chloroplasts which contain chlorophyll for photosynthesis |
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Term
| What processes does nutrition consists of? |
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Definition
| ingestion, digestion, and egestion |
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Term
| What nutrients are the vital nutrients and what do they do? |
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Definition
| proteins - growth and repair, carbohydrates - quick energy, fats and oils - stores energy, vitamins and minerals - assists in the life processes |
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Term
| What is the main source of energy for plants, animals, and humans? |
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Definition
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Term
| three types of asexual reproduction |
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Definition
| binary fission, budding, and regeneration |
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Term
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Definition
| the life cycle of organisms such as frogs, flies, butterflies, and humans |
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Term
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Definition
| uses two lenses to view small objects. eye piece X objective lens = total magnification |
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Term
| What is used to see clear objects in a microscope? |
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Definition
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Term
| What are the three behavioral adaptations? |
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Definition
| migration, hibernation, and dormancy |
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Term
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Definition
| enable living organisms to survive. ex. birds having hollow bones or owls seeing at night |
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Term
| Two examples of organisms adapting to their environoment? |
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Definition
| a polar bear's white fur or a cactus waxy skin |
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Term
| What can cause an organism to become endangered or extinct? |
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Definition
| a change in the environment |
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Term
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Definition
| where living and non-living organisms interact. species -> population -> community -> ecosystem |
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Term
| Where do organisms get energy? |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Definition
| eats both plants and animals or meat |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| shows energy being passed with plants/most energy on the bottom |
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Term
| three symbiotic relationships |
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Definition
| mutualism, commensalism, and parasitism |
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Term
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Definition
| when one community is replaced with another until climax community is achieved |
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Term
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Definition
| recycled - water, solar, wind, and soil |
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Term
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Definition
| not recycled, fossil fuels, COG |
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Term
| How are living things classified? |
|
Definition
| based upon their properties |
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|
Term
| King Phillip Came Over From Great Spain |
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Definition
| Kingdom -> Phylum -> Class -> Order -> Family -> Genius -> Species (the further you go down the groups, the more they have in common) |
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Term
| two types of cell division |
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Definition
| asexual and sexual reproduction |
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Term
|
Definition
| cell division with same number of chromosomes |
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Term
|
Definition
| cell division with half the number of chromosomes |
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Term
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Definition
| sperm + egg through fertilization |
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Term
|
Definition
| zygote becomes embryo through cleavage and differentiation |
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Term
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Definition
| pistal-> stigma + style + ovary - egg |
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Term
|
Definition
| stamen -> anther + filament and pollen - sperm |
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Term
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Definition
| when pollen fertilizes the egg |
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Term
|
Definition
| flower has both male and female parts - self pollinates |
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Term
|
Definition
| flower pollinates another flower |
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Term
|
Definition
| seeds spread by wind, animal and explotion |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
|
Definition
| genetic material on your genes |
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Term
|
Definition
| one that is showing - ruling |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
|
Definition
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Term
|
Definition
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Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What does evolution cause? |
|
Definition
| great variety of living things |
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Term
| What are examples of evolution? |
|
Definition
| natural selection, genetic engineering, mutations, genetic diseases |
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Term
|
Definition
| the process of removing the nucleus of an egg and replacing it with the nucleus of a mother's skin cell and incerting it back in the uterus |
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Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What does the skeletal system consist of? |
|
Definition
| bones, cartilage, joints, ligaments (bone to bone) and tendons (bone to muscle) |
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Term
|
Definition
| moves body parts and organs |
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Term
|
Definition
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Term
|
Definition
| muscle that you do not control (heart beating) |
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Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What makes up the nervous system? |
|
Definition
| brain, spinal cord, nerves, and sense organs |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
|
Definition
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Term
|
Definition
| regulates body activities with hormaones secreted by glands |
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Term
|
Definition
| breaks down food, it contains the digestive tract and accesory organs - pancreas, gall bladder, and liver |
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Term
|
Definition
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Term
|
Definition
| salivia (mouth), gastric juice (stomach), intestinal juice (small intestines), pancreatic juice (pancreas), and bile (liver) |
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Term
|
Definition
| transports things through the blood. Consists of heart and blood vessels |
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Term
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Definition
| carries blood away from heart |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
|
Definition
| connect arteries to veins and is the place where gas is exchanged |
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Term
|
Definition
| lungs -> left atrium -> valve -> left ventricle -> rest of body -> right atrium -> valve -> right ventricle -> lungs |
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Term
| role of respiratory system |
|
Definition
| exchanges gases with environment |
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Term
|
Definition
| removes waste from body... contains: lungs, skin, kidneys (makes urine) and liver (makes urea) |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| makes sperm and testosterone |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
|
Definition
| takes place in the oviduct, dropped to the uterus for development into an embryo |
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Term
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Definition
| anything that has mass and takes up space |
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Term
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Definition
| the amount of matter in an object |
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Term
|
Definition
| the amount of space an obect takes up |
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Term
|
Definition
| solid, liquid, gas, and plasma |
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Term
|
Definition
| melting and evaportaion (where it gains heat) condensation and freezing (where it loses heat) |
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Term
|
Definition
| the basic building blocks of matter |
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Term
|
Definition
| the smallest paticle of an element |
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Term
|
Definition
| two or more elements each element in a compound gets a capital letter ex. H2O |
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Term
|
Definition
| protons (+), electrons (-), neutrons (no charge) |
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|
Term
| Where are protons, neutrons, and electrons found? |
|
Definition
| protons and neutrons in the nucleus...electrons outside the nucleus moving around |
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Term
|
Definition
| palce wehre elements are organized by their properties |
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|
Term
| How are the elements organized on the periodic chart? |
|
Definition
| metals on the left, non-metals on the right separated by a "staircase" of metalloids, noble gases are at the end |
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Term
|
Definition
| smallest part of a compound |
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|
Term
| What are the two ways a compound is bonded together? |
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Definition
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Term
|
Definition
| two or more substances are put together and do not make a new substance ex. salt water |
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Term
|
Definition
| an undisturbed mixture. The two parts of the mixture or solute (gets dissolved) and solvent (does disolve). |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
|
Definition
|
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Term
|
Definition
| if an object has a density of more than 1 it will sink if it has a density of less than 1 it will float (bouyancy) |
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Term
|
Definition
| changes that alter the size and shape of an object but remains the same object |
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Term
|
Definition
| change that creates a new substance |
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Term
|
Definition
| starting materials in a chemical equation found on the left side of the equation |
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Term
|
Definition
| final materials on the chemical equation found on the right side |
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|
Term
| Law of Conservation of matter |
|
Definition
| matter cannot be created nor destroyed only altered from one form to another |
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Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| the amount of gravitaional pull on an object |
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|
Term
| 3 ways to describe the motion of an object |
|
Definition
| speed (distance/time), velocity (distance/time with direction), and acceleration (final velocity - starting velocity/time) |
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Term
|
Definition
| 1 an object at rest will stay at rest and an object in motion will stay in motion unless an outside force acts upon the object (inertia) 2 Acceleration= force/mass or force=massXacceleration 3 for every action there is an equal or opposite reaction. |
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Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What type of energy does a machine transfer? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| the force an object must overcome |
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Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| lever, pulley, wheel and axle, screw, wedge, and inclined plane |
|
|
Term
| What reduces the efficiency of a machine? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| chemical. nuclear, heat, electric, and light |
|
|
Term
| the law of conservation of energy |
|
Definition
| energy can not be created or destroyed, only changed from one form to another |
|
|
Term
| How does light and sound travel? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| the distance from crest (top) to crest or trough (bottom) to trough |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| the number of waved that pass through a given point in a certain time |
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|
Term
|
Definition
| transverse, longitudinal, and compression |
|
|
Term
| What happens when molecules vibrate? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What happens when more heat is added to molecules? |
|
Definition
| they move faster, and they expand |
|
|
Term
| What happens when heat is taken away? |
|
Definition
| molecules slow down and contract |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| from warm (high Ke) to cold (low Ke) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| radiation (space, convection) fluid (liquid or gas) and conduction (solid) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| like poles will repel and unlike ploes will attract...the closer the distance, the stronger the pull |
|
|
Term
| laws of electric attraction and repulsion |
|
Definition
| items with like charges repel each other and items with unlike charges attract each other |
|
|
Term
| How is electricity produced? |
|
Definition
| by the flow of electrons from one point to another |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| allow electricity to flow through |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| do not allow the flow of electricity to flow through them |
|
|
Term
| two types of electronic circuits |
|
Definition
series circuit - single path
parallel circuit - two or more paths |
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|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| How does the density of a substance effect sound? |
|
Definition
| the denser the object the faster it moves, sound travels fastest through solids |
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Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| dark colors and rough surfaces |
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Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| shows frequency and wavelengths of light waves |
|
|
Term
| What is the relation between length of wavelength and harmfulness? |
|
Definition
| the longer the wavelength, the less harmful it is |
|
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Term
|
Definition
| the unit for measuring the energy in food and fuel |
|
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Term
|
Definition
| the rate at which energy is used over a period of time |
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Term
|
Definition
| electricity produced by the power of flowing water Niagra falls |
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Term
|
Definition
| energy stored in the nucleus of an atom |
|
|
Term
| problems with fossil fuels |
|
Definition
| pollution, acid rain, lung disease, oil spills, and the greenhouse effect |
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|
