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| process by which individuals that are better suited to their environment survive and reproduce most successfully; also called survival of the fittest |
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| inherited characteristic that increases an organism's chance of survival |
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| structures that have different mature forms in different organisms but develop from the same embryonic tissues |
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| Observed that humans were being born faster than they are dying. When Darwin applied that to plants and animals, his theory of natural selection began to form. |
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| His book "Principles of Geology" influenced Darwin to wonder if life could change over time, since Earth can. |
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| his journey on the H.M.S. Beagle provided him with vast amounts of evidence that led to his theory of evolution, which he later published in "The Origin of Species". |
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| Proposed that animals change over time by selective use or disuse of organs, which causes them to lose certain traits during their lifetime. This was one of the first hypotheses of evolution. |
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| His essay summarized Darwin's thoughts on evolutionary change and gave him incentive to publish his own work. |
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| symbiotic relationship in which both species benefit from the relationship |
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| symbiotic relationship in which one organism lives in or on another organism (the host) and consequently harms it |
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| symbiotic relationship in which one member of the association benefits and the other is neither helped nor harmed |
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| interaction in which one organism captures and feeds on another organism |
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| a virus that contains RNA as its genetic information |
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| Bacteriophage T4 has a DNA core inside an intricate protein capsid that is activated by contact with a host cell. |
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| The bacteriophage injects its DNA directly into the cell. |
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| The host cell cannot tell the difference between its own DNA and the DNA of the virus. The cell begins to make messenger RNA from the genes of the virus. The viral mRNA is transported into viral proteins chopping up the cell DNA, a process that shuts down the infected host cell. The virus then uses the materials of the host cell to make thousands of copies of its own DNA molecule. |
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| The viral DNA gets assembled into new virus particles. |
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| The infected cell lyses, or bursts, and releases hundreds of virus particles that may go on to infect other cells. |
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| thick peptidoglycon cell walls; retain violet color; easily treated with penicillin |
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| thinner cell walls; appear pink or light red color; difficult to treat with penicillin |
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| a single-celled organism lacking a nucleus |
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| organism whose cells contain nuclei |
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| form of sexual reproduction in which paramecia and some prokaryotes exchange genetic information |
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