Term
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Definition
| greater harshness than previous; strike directly against the wicked not just the world they live in |
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Term
| The star fallen from heaven |
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Definition
1. Star falling from heaven elsewhere normally depicts judgment of Satan or his angels
2. The being that is in control of the abyss and locus in 9:1-3 is probably same one they called king in 9:11. Thus the angel in 9:1 is Satan or his followers. |
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Term
| Locusts in 5th trumpet 9:3-6 |
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Definition
1. Modeled on Exodus plague but worse cause they harm people
2. Represent demonic forces
3. Limited in their commission--can't kill only there for 5 months
4. Torment is primarily spiritual and psychological harm on nonbelievers
5. Will cause a desire for death yet unwillingness to commit suicide. |
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Term
| Locusts in 9:3-6 OT Background |
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Definition
1.Joel 1 and 2
2. Physical damage of Joel 1 & 2 now spiritualized to a famine of the soul
3. Locust's human faces emphasizes demonic nature
4. Teeth like a lion = Joel 1 & sound of locust wings like chariots = Joel 2 |
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Term
| Abbadon controls the realm of the demons |
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Definition
| Reference to Apollo who was symbolized as a locust--might be John showing the devil stands behind Domitian |
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Term
| "the first woe has passed" |
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Definition
| the woes haven't happened yet they're in the future so John is saying "the 1st vision has passed" |
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Term
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Definition
| answer to the prayers of the saints for vindication; more intense than 5th trumpet because they are allowed to kill now; end of 6th trumpet leads to final judgment |
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Term
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Definition
| not the same angels as in 7:1 who were holding back the 4 winds; these angels destroying not holding back |
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Term
| when numbers are plural i.e. "hundreds upon hundreds" |
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Definition
| they are to be taken symbolically |
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Term
| Horses in 6th Trumpet 9:17-19 |
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Definition
1. piling up of metaphors shows that the horses are ferocious demons
2. head like lions emphasizes fierceness
3. fire. smoke, sulfur comes out of their mouth= destructive force; same terms used to describe judgment of beast in lake of fire
4. Fire is figurative
5. fire, smoke, sulfur echoes Sodom & Gomorrah the only place 3 phrases are found
6. Spiritual torment and power to kill
7. horses' power in their mouth = deceptive teaching |
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Term
| Interpretive interlude between 6th and 7th trumpet |
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Definition
| recommissions john for his prophetic task |
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Term
| Interpretive interlude between 6th and 7th trumpet |
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Definition
| not chronological delay but literary delay |
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Term
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Definition
| do not narrate future events; Explain the relationship between unbelievers and believerss |
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Term
| John sees an angel descending from heaven |
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Definition
| he's not in heaven anymore--change of location; none of the dispensationalist argue the rapture is over when this happens they just see John as an individual |
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Term
| Angel in Ch. 10 interpretive interlude |
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Definition
1. Might be angel of the Lord or Jesus
2. Modeled on the vision of Daniel 10 & 12
3. Firery leg pillars reminds them of God's pillar of fire in wilderness = symbolizes God protecting them spiritually
4. Holds scroll resembling scroll Lamb opened in Rev. 5
5. One foot on sea and one on land = sovereignty over all creation |
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Term
| 7 thunder speak and John is commanded to not write them down in 10:4 |
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Definition
1. john is writing things down as the occur
2. john understood the thunders
3. we don't know what the thunders said
4. Psalm 29 thunders of punishment = voice of the Lord
5. shows us that God isn't revealing everything in the book of Revelation
6. ties Revelation to Daniel where Dan is told to seal up the prophecies God gave him |
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Term
| Angels oath in 10:5-7 interpretive interlude |
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Definition
1. Patterned after Daniel 12--"time, times and half a times"
2. When 7th angel sounds his trumpet Dan prophecy will be fulfilled history will end
3. Judgment on unbelievers is vindication for the saints suffering
4. Defeat of evil kingdom is being fulfilled in a mysterious way--things aren't as they appear
5. already not yet Kingdom of God |
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Term
| Renewal of John's prophetic commission 10:8-11 interpretive interlude |
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Definition
1. angel standing on land & sea = contents of scroll are univeral
2. John approaching scroll parallels Christ approaching scroll
3. Eating scroll=Ezekiel eating scroll; Ezek's message was judgment so is this scroll's message
4. Sweetness= God's life-sustaining word; bitterness=judgment aspect of John's call
5. Sweetness= redemptive grace in Word bitterness = persecution in life |
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Term
| DISPENSATIONAL FUTURIST- Measuring the temple of God-- Revelation 11: 1-2 |
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Definition
1. measuring temple occurs in time of tribulation immediately preceding Christ's return
2. Temple/altar literally restored
3. Ethnic jews who came to faith in tribulation are measured/protected
4. Outer court = gentiles/unsaved JEws who persecute Jews for 3 1/2 year
5. Based on Ezekiel's temple |
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Term
| PRETERIST --Measuring the temple of God-- Revelation 11: 1-2 |
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Definition
1. Similar to dispensationalist different time period
2. Herod's temple
3. Gentiles trampling unsaved Jews
4. Saved people are those who are measured
5. Romans punishing Jews |
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Term
| MODERATE FUTURISTS--Measuring the temple of God-- Revelation 11: 1-2 |
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Definition
1. happens figuratively in the future
2. temple/alta/worshippers = those within Ethnic Israel who are protected spiritually
3. temple as an image of the saved community who is made up of primarily ethnic Jews
4. Outer court = symbolic of unbelieving jews who will be persecuted by unsaved Gentiles |
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Term
| FIGURATIVELY NOT IN FUTURE 1--Measuring the temple of God-- Revelation 11: 1-2 |
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Definition
1. Outer court = professing but apostate church
2. sanctuary/altar= Christians/saved community
3. outer court= apostate Christians who confessed faith but then turned to idolatry and joined forces to persecute christians |
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Term
| FIGURATIVE NOT IN THE FUTURE 2--Measuring the temple of God-- Revelation 11: 1-2 |
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Definition
1. outer court= physical expression of the true, spiritual Israel which is susceptible to harm
2. significance of the measuring means theyre sealed as far as their salvation is concerned but not from physical harm
3. inner court = spiritual protection outer court = physical persecution |
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Term
| Measuring the temple of God-- Revelation 11: 1-2 |
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Definition
1. Background = measuring temple in Ezekiel where measuring resembles the establishment and protection of the temple
2. Measuring in Rev 11 connotes God's guaranteed presence
3. john never makes a distinction between believing and unbelieving jews
4. later writing doesn't support that the outer court would represent false believers
6. measuring is symbolic; couldn't actually measure all those people
7. Hebrews makes clear sacrificial system will never be reinstituted
8. outer and inner court is filled with believers in Ezekiel's temple; john sees no difference between jew & gentile
9. Temple patterned after cross/Christ as true temple--church will suffer but then prevail
10. Ezekiel's prophecy began to be spiritually fulfilled but with be consummated in the new creation
11. Everywhere else in Rev. temple = present heavenly temple, or temple of God's presence in future
12. Qumran community spiritualized Ezek's temple
13. Ignatius spiritualized temple |
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Term
| 42 months Revelation 11:2 |
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Definition
1. figurative for eschatological period of tribulation prophesied in Daniel
2. 42 months refers to Elijah's judgment and wilderness wanderings |
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Term
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Definition
1. heavenly Jerusalem
2. trampling of holy city = persecution of the people of God
3. Gentiles/nations that trample city = unbelievers |
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Term
| Rev. 11:3-6 explains measuring of people |
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Definition
| establishment of God's presence among his endtime community to ensure their prophetic witness |
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Term
| The 2 witnesses in Rev 11:3-6 |
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Definition
1. Whole community of faith whose function is to be a prophetic witness about Jesus
2. Referred to as 2 lampstands and the 7 lampstands in Rev 1 represented entire church community
3. entire world sees the death/resurrection of 2 witnesses therefore they're visible throughout the world--corporate nature
4. 2 witnesses prophesy for 3 1/2 years same times as the holy city/woman/those in heaven are to be oppressed
5. underscore a legal aspect of their witness--needed 2 witnesses for valid case
6. 2 olive trees with lampstands come from Zech 4 where God's physical/spiritual temple was protected |
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Term
| Revelation 11:7-10 beast and church |
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Definition
1. beast manifests himself more openly and apparently defeats the church just before the end
2. Daniel 7 prophecy of final kingdom on earth
3. death of 2 witnesses parallels christ's death |
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Term
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Definition
1. ungodly world typified by Babylon/sodom & gommorah
2.reference to sodom and egypt underscores its not one literal city rather an idolatrous persecuting city
3. 3 1/2 days indicates the short time of Satan's victory |
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Term
| why so much rejoicing over death of the 2 witnesses ? |
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Definition
| death seems to open possibility of avoiding final judgment-- rejoicing over the defeat of God's church |
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Term
| Revelation 11:11-3 Resurrection of the 2 witnesses |
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Definition
1. taken from Ezekiel's dry bones
2. could be literal resurrection but not likely due to the use of non-literal language of Israel's restoration used elsewhere |
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Term
| Great fear that fell upon those that saw the resurection in REv 11:11-13 |
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Definition
| not believing fear--like fear of Egyptians |
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Term
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Definition
| Begins the final judgment which will be complete with the blowing of the 7th trumpet |
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Term
| Survivors of earthquake "fearing" and "giving glory to God" in Rev 11:13 |
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Definition
1. parallel to Nebuchadnezzar does in Daniel
2. not likely that they are repenting--not consistent with other scriptures
3. in OT giving glory to God was done by unbeliever who were forced to acknowledge God's sovereignty
4. Jonah reference to men on ship who feared God
5. Philistines give glory to god after returning ark of covenant
6. "terrified" is not same word as "fear of the Lord" this word in NT never has any indication of faith |
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Term
| Revelation 11:14-19 the 7th trumpet (3rd woe) |
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Definition
1. Some say no woe cause the phrase "3rd woe" isn't used and others say no 7th trumpet cause too much emphasis on establishing KoG
2. Daniel 7 background where evil kingdoms are defeated and handed over to Son of Man
3. 24 elders gives thanks to God for the consummation of the kingdom--completed form of the kingdom is clear |
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Term
| Preterist argue the dead in final judgment of Rev 11:14-19 |
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Definition
| limit the judgment to Israel and the 1st cent martyrs because they hold to chronological reading |
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Term
| Dispenationalist argue the dead in final judgment of Rev 11:14-19 |
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Definition
| reference to OT believers being judged and those Jews who come to faith in tribulation; thus they have 3 resurrections |
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Term
| final judgment of Rev 11:14-19 |
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Definition
1. every use of "wrath" in rev. concerns God's wrath in final judgment
2. judgment in 11:18 parallels Jeremiah's passage on final judgment |
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Term
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Definition
1. divided into 7 sections
2. tell the same story as chapters 1-11 but explain in much greater detail--spiritual conflict is revealed
3. see the story from several different angles |
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Term
| in Rev 12-20 John will introduce 4 figures (dragon, beast from sea, beast from land, and Babylon) then |
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Definition
| we will meet their demise in reverse order |
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Term
| Revelation 12:1-2 Woman and Dragon |
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Definition
| many ancient myths tell similar stories, John's story is the same but gets his account from the OT; reveals what is actually happening |
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Term
| ch. 12 Woman and Dragon-- 12 STARS |
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Definition
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Term
| ch. 12 Woman & Dragon-- WOMAN |
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Definition
1. believing community from before the time of Christ's birth (Israel) to the saints throughout church age
2. OT Israel is often portrayed as unfaithful or true woman
3. can't be just Mary--no one woman could do all this stuff |
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Term
| ch. 12 Woman & Dragon -- BIRTH PANGS |
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Definition
| persecution of the covenant community in OT times and christians after Jesus' birth |
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Term
| Woman in ch 12 represents both old and new covenant communities is clear |
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Definition
| her seed isn't only Christ but also community of believers-- goes back to Eve and the garden |
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Term
| Revelation 12:3-6 the Dragon |
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Definition
1. OT sea monster that symbolized evil kingdoms which oppress Israel
2. Egyptian dragon referenced in Isaiah--pharaoh as dragon
3. REv 12 replay on exodus pattern = egypt and rome associated with dragon
4. 10 horns of dragon from horns on beast in Daniel 7 |
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Term
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Definition
1. more than just an evil kingdom, stands for devil himself
2. 7 heads and 10 horns stand for completeness of oppressive power
3. beast from sea in ch. 13 descibed identical fashion which connects him with Satan
5. red is the color of oppression as the red horse indicated |
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Term
| ch. 12 dragon-- 7 diadems |
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Definition
| false claim to sovereign universal authority |
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Term
| ch. 12 dragon-- tail sweeping away third of stars |
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Definition
1. daniel 8
2. end time enemies that persecute the people of God
3. not the same fall of Satan/his angels |
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Term
| Ch. 12 dragon & woman-- woman flees into wilderness for protection |
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Definition
1. church doesn't go hide
2. wilderness is a place of divine protection and of Israel's sin
3. OT expectation there would be end-time exodus where Israel would be protected/nourished by God
4. Hosea end time wilderness expectaion
5. Jesus began to fulfill these expectations as the ultimate expression of Israel living in the Spirit |
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Term
| Revelation 12:7-9 Satan thrown to earth |
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Definition
| as Christ fights on earth Michael fights spiritual battle in heaven |
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Term
| The flood from the serpents mouth in Rev 12 refers to |
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Definition
| his attempt to destroy the church by deception and false teaching |
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Term
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Definition
1. Daniel 7-- composite of Daniel's 4 beasts connected with 4 kingdoms
2. represents evil kingdoms/domain of satan as they fight against God
3. connected beast with Rome but also more than Rome |
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Term
| beast's fatal would could reference |
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Definition
| nero's suicide but its more than thi |
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Term
| christ and beast are parallel |
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Definition
1. swords
2. followers with names on forehead
3. horns
4. slain
5. rise to new life and new authority
6. authority over every tribe tongue people nation |
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Term
| significance of parallels between christ and beastq |
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Definition
| jesus rules throughout church age so does devil fight throughout it |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
1. 2 horns mimic 2 witnesses
2. primarily religious role; false prophet
3. could come from the church
4. makes the first beast seem legit |
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Term
| setting up image in honor of the beast |
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Definition
| reference to daniel 3 friends thrown in the fire |
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Term
| in johns day primary expression of 2nd beast |
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Definition
| local provincial councils made up of local authorities that had religious emphasis |
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Term
| the 1st beast not 2nd is connected to |
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Definition
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Term
| problems with 66 as nero caesar |
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Definition
1. defective Hebrew spelling of Caesar
2. assumes a knowledge of both Hebrew and Hebrew gematria by john's readers
3. many other possible titles for NEro
4. when translating there is lattitude in adding or subtracting letters
5. why wouldn't John just use greek?
6. earliest church fathers unaware of Nero identification
7. john's not calling for intellectual discernment but moral discernment to avoid the beast |
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Term
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Definition
1. adding up numerical values of emperors initials
2. 666 rpresents abbreviated Greek titles of Domitian that were on coins (no coins have been found)
3. Hitler |
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Term
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Definition
| 1. if name doesn't work add a title 2. if can't find sum in greek try different language 3. spelling doesn't really matter |
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Term
| random OT background for 666 |
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Definition
1. image of Nebuchadnezzar is 60 cubits high 6 cubits wide
2. 666 talents of gold accumulated by Solomon for idolatry |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
1. identical to ch. 7
2. jews and gentiles who will be saved
3. 144,000 = completeness |
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Term
| 144,000 are praising God for |
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Definition
| victory he has won for them over sin/beast even though thats not mentioned til 15 |
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Term
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Definition
| have not defiled themselves with idolatry |
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Term
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Definition
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