Term
| the 3 tissue layers of the respiratory tract are |
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Definition
mucosa
submucosa
adventicia |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| line all passageways that open to the outside of body. Concsists of epithethial tissue which overlying basement membrane. |
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Term
| the structure in which gases must diffuse is called the ______ in the alveoli |
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Definition
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Term
| how does the structure of the aveoli allow gas exchange to rapidly occur? |
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Definition
| they only contain simple squamous (flat) epithelium & mucosa layer |
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Term
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Definition
| layer of loose connective tissue |
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Term
| submucosa cotains _____glands which secrete___________ |
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Definition
| seromucous , water mucous |
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Term
| the submucosa of larger passageways contain |
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Definition
hyaline cartilage(support)
&
smooth muscle(constriction/dilation) |
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Term
| the outermost layer of respiratory tract is |
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Definition
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Term
| the adventicia consists of |
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Definition
| dense irregular collagenous connective tissue with elastic fibers for support |
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Term
| what is a cricothyroidotomy? |
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Definition
an incision is made in the cricothyroid ligament (soft spot btwn thyroid & cricoid cartilages).
a tube is inserted & patient is ventilated artifically |
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Term
| cricothyroidotomy allows the patient airway to be restored by? |
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Definition
| bypassing upper respiratory tract |
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Term
| why would a cricothyroidotomy be done? |
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Definition
| upper respiratory tract is blocked & air is prevented from entering lungs. |
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Term
| why does the nasopharynx contain pseudostratified ciliated columnar epithelium? |
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Definition
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Term
| why are there are more globlet cells in upper respiratory tract? |
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Definition
| to catch pathogens/debri early. |
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Term
| the _________ is the lungs's outer membrane that adheres to the inner wall of the thoracic cavity, |
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Definition
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Term
| At the lung's root, it folds inward on itself to become the inner membrane called the__________, which adheres to the lung's surface. |
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Definition
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Term
| Btwn the parietal & visceral pleural membranes is the |
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Definition
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Term
| how do the respiratory & conducting zone differ? |
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Definition
Respiratory zone: Terminal respiratory tract
consists of bronchioles & alveoli
GAS EXCHANGE occurs
Conducting zone: conditions air to be carried to respiratory zone |
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Term
| the piece of elastic cartilage that seals off the larynx during swallowing is called the? |
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Definition
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Term
| T or F the muscularis is one of the respiratory tract layers? |
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Definition
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Term
| what 3 structures comprise the respiratory membrane |
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Definition
squamous epithelial cells in alveolus
endothethial cells in capillaries
fused basal laminae btwn alveolar & endothelial cells |
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Term
| the epithelium gets progressively________ in the lower passages. |
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Definition
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Term
| the amount of hyaline cartilage gradually ______ as we move into smaller passageways. |
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Definition
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Term
| the amount of smooth muscle ______ in the smaller passageways |
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Definition
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Term
| the amount of elastic fibers _________ in smaller passages |
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Definition
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Term
| why do you think cartilage rings of the trachea are C shaped rather than O shaped? |
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Definition
| to allow esophagus to expand |
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Term
| conditions such as pneumonia and lung cancer can result in pleural effusion,define this condition? |
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Definition
| pleural cavity becomes filled with a large amount of fluid |
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Term
| what effect would pleural effusion have on breathing? |
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Definition
| lungs will be compressed, difficulty breathing |
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Term
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Definition
inflammation of chest cavity
presents with a dry cough, chest pain |
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Term
| Which is the most common obstruction site for chocking? |
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Definition
the right primary bronchus:
Larger diameter
Descends toward lung at a steeper angle |
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Term
| What will occur if you apply pressure on diaphragm & external intercostals? |
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Definition
volume in lungs decrease
pressure in lungs increase |
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Term
| pressure released on diaphragm & exteral intercostals? |
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Definition
volume in lungs increase
pressure in lungs decrease |
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Term
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Definition
pushing more CO2 exhaled=
blood pH lowers (more acidic) |
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Term
| why does the ventilatory rate increase during excercise? |
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Definition
both inhalation & exhalation are increases
increase in CO2 production
blood ph lowers |
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Term
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Definition
decrease CO2 exhales
blood Ph higher |
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Term
| increased carbonic acid means |
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Definition
hypoventilation, less CO2 exhaled
= blood PH higer
* remember carbonic acid (is a weak acid, STRONG BASE) |
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Term
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Definition
hyperventilation
increase in CO2 output |
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Term
| is cellular respiration part of respiratory fcn? |
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Definition
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Term
| what is interapulmonary pressure? |
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Definition
| pressure inside lung as they expand (volume increases) |
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Term
| when intrapulmonary pressure is lower than atmospheric pressure? |
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Definition
INspiration occurs=
air rushes into lungs |
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Term
| when intrapulmonary pressure is higher than atmospheric pressure? |
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Definition
PASSIVE EXspiration occurs=
elastic tissue of lungs causes them to recoil to their original smaller size |
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Term
| how does forced exspiration occur? |
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Definition
| several muscles including internal intercostals decrease height and diameter of lungs |
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Term
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Definition
when intrapulmonary pressure is lower than atmospheric pressure
=
inspiration occurs |
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Term
| carbon dioxide is tranpsorted through the blood primarily as |
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Definition
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Term
| the enzyme that converts carbon dioxide into water and carbonic acid is |
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Definition
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Term
| The conditon emphysema results in loss of elastic recoil of the lung tissue. What effect would it have on breathing? |
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Definition
make expiration more difficult
=
PASSIVE EXspiration requires
elastic tissue of lungs causes them to recoil to their original smaller size
forced: require the action of several muscles including intercostals |
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Term
| Why SHOULD a person breath into a paper bag when hyperventilating? |
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Definition
| rebreath CO2 that was being lossed |
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Term
| Why SHOULD a person breath into a paper bag when hyperventilating? |
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Definition
| rebreath CO2 that was being lossed |
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Term
| why shouldnt breath into a paper bag when hyperventilating? |
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Definition
| you could be having a MI because your cell are experiencing low O2 and reihaling your CO2 is useless |
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Term
| Why might you have difficulty breathing at higher altitudes, where the atmospheric pressure is low? |
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Definition
The lower air pressure reduces the amount of oxygen that crosses between the lungs and the bloodstream
=
ou simply do not get as much oxygen per breath due to the lower outside pressure, and you sense that as breathlessness. |
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Term
| a patient presents in a state of of ketoacdiosis(blood pH drops due to all-fat, no carb diet). Will the person be hyperventilating or hypoventilating? |
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Definition
low blood pH =
hyperventilation |
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Term
| structures less than 1mm in diameter |
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Definition
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Term
| structures less than 0.5 mm in diameter |
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Definition
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