Term
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Definition
| gas exchange between blood and alveoli, o2 loading and co2 unloading |
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Term
| What form of respiration involves o2 loading and Co2 unloading? |
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Definition
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Term
| What form of respiration involves gas exchange between blood and tissue cells at systemic capillaries? |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| pressure of one gas in a mixture |
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Term
| put flowing in order from most pressure to least: alveolar po2,pulmonary veins PO2, atm po2 |
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Definition
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Term
| Is CO2 or O2 more soluble in blood? |
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Definition
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Term
| What three ways are O2 and Co2 carried in the blood? |
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Definition
| dissolved in plasma, chemically combined with hemoglobin, converted into different molecules |
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Term
| In external respiration, how is O2 transported? |
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Definition
| 1.5% in blood plasma, 98.5% diffused into red blood cells and chemically combines with hemoglobin |
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Term
| Every red blood cell is packed with _______ molecules. |
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Definition
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Term
| What portion of hemoglobin binds with O2? |
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Definition
|
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Term
| What does a hemoglobin molecule consist of? |
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Definition
| globin part composed of 4 polypeptide chains, and 4 iron-containing pigments called heme groups |
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Term
| In the lungs, O2 diffuses into the blood through the _______? |
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Definition
| alveoli-capillary membrane |
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Term
| In the lungs, O2 diffuses into the blood and binds with _______ in response to relatively high _____ in alveoli. |
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Definition
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Term
| When ____ bind to hemoglobin, hemoglobin is %100 saturated. |
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Definition
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Term
| In lungs PO2 is ______. (high or low) |
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Definition
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Term
| In body tissues PO2 is ____.(high or low) |
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Definition
|
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Term
| oxyhemoglobin is formed in the... |
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Definition
|
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Term
| deoxyhemoglobin is formed in the ... |
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Definition
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Term
| CO2 is produced by _____ ______ _____ ____. |
|
Definition
| cells though out the body |
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Term
| What happens to CO2 during internal respiration? |
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Definition
| co2 diffuses out of cell into systemic capillaries, some dissolves in plasma the rest(93%) diffuses into red blood cells |
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Term
| What happens to CO2 after it diffuses into RBCs? |
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Definition
| it chemically combines with hemoglobin converting it into bicarbonate ions (HCO3) and transported in plasma |
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Term
| PCO2 levels in tissues are ___. (high or low) |
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Definition
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Term
| In tissues, if CO2 binds with globin part of hemoglobin, it forms ________. |
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Definition
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Term
| In lungs level of PCO2 is _____. (high or low) |
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Definition
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|
Term
| What happens to carbaminohemoglobin in the lungs? |
|
Definition
| dissociates into hemoglobin and CO2 and diffuses into alveoli where it is exhaled. |
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Term
| In the bicarbonate buffering system:In the tissues- CO2 combines with H2O to form ____. |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| what catalyzes carbonic acid? |
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Definition
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Term
| Carbonic acid dissociates into _____ and _________. |
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Definition
| hydrogen ions (H+) and bicarbonate ions (HCO3) |
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Term
| In the bicarbonate buffering system: H+ produced in tissues binds to ______ to form _______. |
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Definition
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Term
| In the bicarbonate buffering system: In tissues and in lungs-HCO3 produced diffuses out of RBCs and ___ diffuses it. |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| What role does HCO3 in the plasma play? |
|
Definition
| acts as buffer and plays an important role in blood pH control |
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|
Term
| In the bicarbonate buffering system: What happens to CO2 in lungs? |
|
Definition
| it diffuses out of plasma and into alveoli, lowering blood PCO2 |
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Term
| In the bicarbonate buffering system: What happens to HHb in the lungs? |
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Definition
| H+ releases from Hb and combines with HCO3, which then breaks down into CO2 and H2O |
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Term
| The basic rhythm of breathing is controlled by ? |
|
Definition
| respiratory centers in brainstem-medulla and pons |
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Term
| Rhythm of breathing is modified in response to input from ______ and _________. |
|
Definition
| chemoreceptors and baroreceptors |
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Term
| Chemoreceptors (central or peripheral) respond especially to pH changes in CSF? |
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Definition
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Term
| Chemoreceptors (central or peripheral) are located on each side of the medulla oblongata? |
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Definition
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Term
| Chemoreceptors (central or peripheral) are located in carotid and aortic bodies? |
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Definition
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Term
| Chemoreceptors (central or peripheral) respond to O2 and CO@ content and pH of the blood? |
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Definition
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Term
| Baroreceptors in the respiratory system are found where? |
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Definition
| in the smooth muscle of bronchi and bronchioles and visceral pleura |
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Term
| What are the four things that control respiration? |
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Definition
| the respiratory center in the brainstem, chemoreceptors, respiratory muscle and ventilation |
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Term
| T or F: the blood brain barrier allows hydrogen to pass? |
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Definition
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|
Term
| High levels of what, directly stimulate central chemoreceptors? |
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Definition
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Term
| Peripheral chemoreceptors respond to changes in pH caused by _____? and in response cause _______? |
|
Definition
| low PCO2; increased breathing rate and depth |
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Term
| The most important factor in controlling the rate and depth of breathing it the level of ___? |
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Definition
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Term
| What action stimulates baroreceptors? |
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Definition
| over-inflation of the lungs |
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