Term
| 1.What are the functions of the respiratory system? |
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Definition
| Gas exchange, acid/base balance, protection, voice production |
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Term
| 2.What is the term for the movement of air into and out of the lungs? |
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Definition
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Term
| 3.What type of respiration is the gas exchange between the lungs and the blood? |
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Definition
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Term
| 4.What type of respiration is the gas exchange between the blood and body cells? |
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Definition
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Term
| 5.What type of respiration is the production of ATP from oxygen and nutrients? |
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Definition
| Aerobic cellular respiration |
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Term
| 6.What is the term for normal quiet breathing at rest? |
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Definition
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Term
| 7.How many breaths per minute is eupnea? |
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Definition
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Term
| 9.What is the term for an increased VENTILATION that meets metabolic needs? |
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Definition
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Term
| 12. What is the term for overly slow VENTILATION while still meeting metabolic needs? |
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Definition
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Term
| 13. What is the term for decreased VENTILATION that is below metabolic needs? |
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Definition
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Term
| 14. What is the term for labored breathing? |
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Definition
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Term
| 15. What is the term for cessation breathing? |
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Definition
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Term
| 16. What airways are part of the conducting zone? |
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Definition
| Nares, nasal cavity, pharynx, larynx, trachea, bronchi, terminal bronchioles |
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Term
| 17. What airways are part of the respiratory zone? |
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Definition
| Respiratory bronchioles, alveolar ducts, alveolar sacs |
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Term
| 18. What does the tone of smooth muscle in the conducting zone control? |
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Definition
| Amount of airflow into and out of the lungs |
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Term
| 21. What warms and humidifies inhaled air in the conduction zone? |
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Definition
| The ton of blood vessels in the mucous membrane |
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Term
| 22. What 4 things filter and protect the respiratory tract from particulates? |
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Definition
| Nose hairs, mucus, bronchoconstriction, and the mucociliary escalator |
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Term
| 23. What is the function of mucus? |
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Definition
| To trap the large and small particles |
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Term
| 24. In the mucociliary escalator, what produces the mucus? |
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Definition
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Term
| 26. What does cigarette smoking do to the mucociliary escalator? |
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Definition
| Paralyzes the cilia on the epithelial cells |
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Term
| 27. What does cystic fibrosis do to the mucociliary escalator? |
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Definition
| Mucus produced is thickerâ more difficult for cilia to move, frequent respiratory infections |
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Term
| 28. Which zone in the respiratory system is the sole site of gas exchange? |
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Definition
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Term
| 29. What is the average volume of exchange that can be held in the alveoli? |
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Definition
| about 3,000 ml per lung (total lung capacity - TLC is about 6,000 ml) |
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Term
| 30. What is the term for the volume of air within the conducting zone where there is no gas exchange? |
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Definition
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Term
| 31. What is the term for the area of the lung where there is no gas exchange due to disfunctional alveoli (lack of blood supply or damage to alveoli)? |
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Definition
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Term
| 32. What is a combination of the anatomical and alveolar dead space? |
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Definition
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Term
| 33. In a healthy individual, what will the physiological dead space be equal to? |
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Definition
| The anatomical dead space |
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Term
| 34. What carries deoxygenated blood to the lungs from the heart? |
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Definition
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Term
| 35. What carries oxygenated blood back to the heart from the lungs? |
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Definition
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Term
| 36. What surrounds the alveoli and participates in gas exchange with the alveoli? |
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Definition
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Term
| 37. What is the term for the measure of ease with which a structure expands? |
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Definition
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Term
| 38. Elastic fibers that line the airways and alveoli are responsible for what two things? |
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Definition
| Lung compliance and recoil of the lungs |
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Term
| 40. If you increase the amount of pressure exerted on the lungs by the air, will compliance increase or decrease? |
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Definition
| Decrease (compliance = difference in volume/difference in pressure ) |
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Term
| 41. What is the normal value of compliance for the lung? |
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Definition
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Term
| 42. What does it mean if lung compliance is too high? |
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Definition
| The lung has lost elasticity / elastance/recoil of lungs decreases |
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Term
| 43. What does it mean if lung compliance is too low? |
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Definition
| The lung has become too stiff / elastance increaes |
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Term
| 44. Normal lung compliance is dependent on what phospholipid? |
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Definition
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Term
| 45. What law takes surface tension and the radius of the alveoli into account to determine the collapsing pressure of the alveoli? |
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Definition
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Term
| 46. If you increase the surface tension in the alveoli, what happens to the pressure needed to keep the alveoli open? |
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Definition
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Term
| 47. If you increase the radius of the alveoli, what happens to the pressure needed to keep the alveoli open? |
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Definition
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Term
| 48. What reduces surface tension in the alveoli? |
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Definition
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Term
| 49. If the collapsing pressure of an alveoli is low, is it easier or harder for the alveoli to remain open? |
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Definition
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Term
| 50. What is the term for collapsing alveoli? |
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Definition
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Term
| 51. Do larger or smaller alveoli tend to collapse? |
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Definition
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Term
| 53. What is a major respiratory concern for infants born prematurely? |
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Definition
| Their lungs are not fully developed - can't produce surfactant - high surface tension - high collapsing pressure - lungs can't stay inflated on their own |
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Term
| 54. When you have surfactant, the surface tension is so low, does a difference in the radius of alveoli really matter? |
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Definition
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Term
| 55. What can be measured with spirometry? |
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Definition
| Lung volumes, capacities, and air flow |
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Term
| 57. What is an average tidal volume? |
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Definition
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Term
| 59. What is the average inspiratory reserve volume? |
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Definition
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Term
| 60. What is the term for the volume of air that can be expired beyond normal expiration (like if you got punched in the stomach)? |
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Definition
| Expiratory reserve volume (ERV) |
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Term
| 61.What is the average expiratory reserve volume? |
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Definition
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Term
| 62. Not all the air in the lungs can be expired, what is the term for the volume of air remaining in the lungs after a forced expiration? |
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Definition
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Term
| 63. What is the average residual volume? |
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Definition
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Term
| 64. Can residual volume be measured with a spirometer? |
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Definition
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Term
| 65. What is the term for the volume of air in the lungs after a maximal inspiration? |
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Definition
| Total lung capacity (TLC) |
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Term
| 66. What lung volumes add up to equal the TLC? |
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Definition
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Term
| 67. What is the average total lung capacity (TLC)? |
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Definition
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Term
| 68. What is the term for the volume of air that can be forcefully expired from the lungs after a maximal inspiration? |
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Definition
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Term
| 69. What lung volumes add up to equal vital capacity? |
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Definition
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Term
| 70. What is the average vital capacity? |
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Definition
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Term
| 72. What adds up to equal the functional residual capacity? |
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Definition
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Term
| 73. What is the average functional residual capacity? |
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Definition
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Term
| 75. What adds up to equal inspiratory capacity? |
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Definition
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Term
| 76. What is the average inspiratory capacity? |
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Definition
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Term
| 77. What can affect a person's lung volumes and capacities? |
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Definition
| Age, sex, body size, physical condition |
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Term
| 78. When measuring the rate of air flow, what is the same as the vital capacity(amount of air forcefully expired after a maximal inspiration)? |
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Definition
| FVC - normal is about 5,000 ml |
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Term
| 79. When measuring the rate of air flow, what is the term for the volume of air forcefully expired during the first second? |
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Definition
| FEV1 - normal is 3,500 - 4,000 ml |
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Term
| 80. If you take the FEV1 and divide by the FVC then multiply by 100, you get a percentage - what is the normal % of FEV1/FVC? |
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Definition
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Term
| 81. What does it mean if someone has a FEV1/FVC less than 70%? |
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Definition
| lungs have an OBSTRUCTION |
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Term
| 82. What does it mean if someone has a FEV1?FVC greater than 80%? |
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Definition
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Term
| 83. What law takes into account the pressure outside and inside the lungs and the radius of the airways to determine whether air flows into/out of lungs, direction of air flow, and amount of air flow? |
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Definition
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Term
| 84. If the pressure outside the lungs is greater than the pressure inside the lungs, do we inhale or exhale? |
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Definition
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Term
| 85. If the pressure inside the lungs is greater than the pressure outside the lungs, do we inhale or exhale? |
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Definition
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Term
| 86. If the pressure outside the lungs is equal to the pressure inside the lungs, does air flow? |
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Definition
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Term
| 87. When the difference in pressure between the inside and outside of the lungs increases, what also increases? |
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Definition
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Term
| 88. Increasing the radius of the airways (dilating bronchioles) does what to the resistance and what to the air flow? |
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Definition
| Increases air flow and decreases resistance |
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Term
| 89. Changing the radius of the airways 2 fold will change the air flow _______ fold. |
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Definition
| 16 (same as radius of blood vessels and flow of blood) - same law |
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Term
| 90. What is the term for the volume of air moved in or out of the lungs per minute? |
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Definition
| Minute ventilation (TV x RR) |
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Term
| 91. What is the average minute ventilation? |
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Definition
| (500 ml/breath) x (12 breaths/min) = 6,000 ml/min |
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Term
| 92. What is the term for the amount of air available for gas exchange per min? |
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Definition
| Alveolar ventilation (TV - dead space) x RR |
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Term
| 93. What is the average alveolar ventilation? (Assuming a 150lb person) |
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Definition
| (500 ml/breath - 150 ml/breath) x (12 breaths/min) = 4,200 ml/min |
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Term
| 94. The most efficient way to increase alveolar ventilation is to increase tidal volume or respiratory rate? |
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Definition
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