Term
| Internal respiration (in cells) |
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Definition
| oxidative phosporylation- syntheis of ATP |
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Term
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Definition
| exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide between atmosphere and body tissues |
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Term
| steps of external respiration: |
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Definition
1. pulminary ventilation (air moves into and out of lungs)
2. exchange between lungs and blood
3. transport of gases in blood
4. exchange between blood and body tissues. |
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Term
| functions of respiratory system |
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Definition
| exchange of oxygen and CO2 between air and blood, maintance of normal acid bas balance, activation of varous molecules, enables vocalization. |
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Term
| what does the respiratory system consist of- |
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Definition
| lungs and conducting air passages. |
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Term
Upper airways=
windpipe=
bronchi=
bronchioles-
alveoli |
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Definition
nasal cav, oral cav, pharynx
trachea
20 orderes of branching
within lung tissue |
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Term
| function of conducting passages |
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Definition
air passageway
increase air to body temp
humidify air |
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Term
| where is the site of gas exchange |
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Definition
| alveoli, sac like structures at the end of bronchiole arranged like grapes. |
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Term
| - million alveoli/lung. SA= |
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Definition
| 300 mil. 75 square meters |
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Term
| what forms a sheet over alveoli? |
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Definition
| capillries giving it a rich blood supply |
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Term
|
Definition
| type one alveolar cells, type two and alveolar macrophages |
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Term
|
Definition
| make up wall of alveoli, single layer of epithelial cells. |
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Term
|
Definition
| secrete surfactant- low surface tension and walls won't stick together and collapse. |
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Term
|
Definition
| immune cells, engulf foreign objects |
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Term
|
Definition
air tight, protects lungs.
ribcage, sternum, throacic vertebrae, muscles, diaphram |
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Term
|
Definition
| membrane lining of lungs and chest wall. Pleura sac around each lung, space filled with fluid. |
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Term
| movement of air in and out is due to |
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Definition
|
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Term
|
Definition
| pressure is inversely porportionate to the volume of gas. Great volume=less pressure |
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Term
| How can alveolar pressure be changed? |
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Definition
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Term
| Air moves in and out of lungs by |
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Definition
| bulk flow driven by pressure gradient. Air moves from high to low pressure |
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Term
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Definition
| pressure in alveoli less than atmosphere. |
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Term
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Definition
| pressure in alveoli greater than atmospher |
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Term
| Pressure w/in pleural space is -- than inside alveoli occurs during |
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Definition
| always less than. during fetal development |
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Term
| diaphragm contraction means |
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Definition
| it pulls down which increases the volume of the pleural space which decreases the pressure making alveoli expand. |
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Term
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Definition
| their increased volume results in a decrease of pressure in each alveoli. |
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Term
| lowering the alveolar pressure results in |
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Definition
| a pressure that eventually in less than atmospheric. Air diffuses into alveoli (lung) down pressure gradient. Inspiration |
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Term
| Expiration is a -- process. |
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Definition
| Passive. When muscles stop contracting a recoil of lungs and chest wall to orignal positions decreaes the volume. |
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Term
| decreased volume of pleural space= |
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Definition
| increased pressure, pushing in on alveoli. This decreases the volume which raises the pressure inside alveoli causing it to become greater than atmospheric so air flows out. |
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Term
| active expiration requires |
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Definition
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